Step by Step in Esperanto

•Pronounce -a as ah, not as er. E.g., do NOT pronounce suna, obea (=sunny, obedient) like sooner, obeyer. Do not add an " r " before a vovvel. E.g., do NOT say nova rombrelo, bela ramikino 1 (17).

LA SUFIKSO -IST

135. In Esperanto, as in English, the suffix -IST means person habitually occupied zvith (engaged or employed in_t con- cerned or connected zvith) the subject denoted by the root (usually, though not necessarily, by profession): an -er> -ian, -ist_t -man, -or (in this sense). Thus, from floro, instruas, we get floristo, jiorist\ instruisto, teacher\ from afero, affair, business, we get aferisto, man of affairs, business man \ from dento, tooth, dentisto, dentist\ from maro, maristo, sailor.

(^a) Aŭt(omobil)isto, gitaristo, harpisto. Similarly: ideal- (literatur-okul-orgen-skrib-telefon-)isto. Art-(bilard-futbal-golf- kriket-sport-tenis-)isto.

Bee-keeper, cooper (barel), flautist, fruiterer, gardener, historian, hedger, hosier, instrumentalist, jezveller, linguist, milkman, musician, pianist, politician. A man who deals wiih bottles (candles, furniture, machines, shoes).

Futbalo (golfo, kriketo, teniso) estas ludo. Lando (urbo, «trato, insulo, kriketkampo) estas loko (place). Plano de loko estas mapo. Stel-(lun-strat-urb-)mapo. Mapo de la mondo. Mar- akv-(best-bild-bird-kant-map-skolt-)o.

137* Unu Esperantisto : propagando. Du Esperantistoj : gazeto (:magazine). Tri Esperantistoj : du gazetoj !

"Adolfo estas pianisto. Samuelo estas flutisto, Mateo violonisto, Haroldo trumpetisto, kaj Arturo tamburisto (drummer). Do muziko estas en la familio." " Nu, vi— kio vi estas ? " " Mi ? Ho, mi estas pesimisto ! "

COMBINATION OF SUFFIXES

When several suffixes come together, get the meaning by working backwards from right to left. Thus : akompan- ist-ino (in ist akompan)= Bov-in-isto (ist in bov), one occupied ivithfemale oxen, a cow-keeper. Kokinistino, a hen-keeper-ess\ (kok-ino, kokin-isto, kokinist-ino).

(a) Repeat 136 (ab) in the feminine, thus : aferistino, business- wornan\ telefonistino, telephone-girl\ ĉambristino, chamber-maid\ etc.

(b) Repeat eight words from 136 with -edzino, -inedzo, thus: okuHstedzino, oculisfs wife\ okulistinedzo, lady oculisVs husband.

-ID

The suffix -ID=(i) son_y child, young (of human beings, or other animals, or even plants). Amikido (= amik-infano), a friend's child. Fratido=wm?. Hundido, puppy. Arbido, seedling-tree. (2) Offspring, issue, descendant (in general, irrespective of age, not merely son or daughter). Napoleonido, a descendant of Napoleon. Cp. &id, Јreed, Israelite, Lĉonid(shooting star radiating from Leo).

(a) Use -ido and -idino after roots in 14(a) (b), and translate.

PoeVs child, calf_t baby-mouse, young-alligator_t tiger-cub. The cat mezvs to the kitten.

Elefant-isto, -istino, -istinedzo, -istido, -istidedzino, -inisto, -idino, -idistino, -idinisto. Such long compounds are abnormal: they are given merely as an exercise in zvord-building.

Translate the roots anas (duck), anser (goose), azen (donkey)_t ĉeval, kapr (goat)> lup, pav (peacock), ran (frog)_t ŝaf, vulp (fox)_t followed by -o, -ino, -ido, -idino.

(a) Viranaso, viransero, virkapro, sinjorido, fiŝidino.

(b) La familio de la kato. La filo de la kato estas la . . . La edzino ... La filino . . .

THE SOUND AJ

The sound of AJ (AHee) is that of the English word I (y in my, ai in aisle, ay in Ay_y ay_y Sir). We have already met it in the word kaj. Like oj (37), it is a diphthong.

fajro, fire pajlo, strazv tajdo, tide

najbaro, neighbour salajro, salary tajloro, tailor