Step by Step in Esperanto

THE CSEH FORMULA. Ĉu A ? (Ne, Ne A, B). E.g., ĉu vi estas Belgo ? (Ne, mi ne estas Belgo, mi estas Anglo). (Alternative reply : Ne, mi estas Anglo, ne Belgo).

THE PALMER FORMULA. 1 : Cu A ? (Jes) 2 : Cu B ? (Ne) 3 : Kio ? (A). 4 : Subject of question 1 ? 5 : Question on related circumstance.

Answer 1 is Jes. Answer 2 is Ne. Answer 3 repeats 1. Answer 4 repeats the subject. Question 5 starts a new series.

Cu akvo estas fluido ? Cu Bill staras ?

Jes, ĝi estas fluido. Jes, li staras.

Cu ĝi estas solido ? Cu li sidas ?

Ne, ĝi ne estas solido. Ne, li ne sidas.

Nu 1 Kio ĝi estas ? Kion do li faras ?

Ĝi estas fluido. Li staras.

Kio estas fluido ? Kiu staras ?

Akvo estas. Bill.

Cu ĝi estas en glaso ? . . . Cu li staras sur la planko ? . . .

[5]Atendas, zvaits; atentas, pays-attention, minds, heeds.

tA single member of the atnan race That the prehensile digits fast embrace The mercantile equivalent achieves Of tivo at large amid arboreal leaves.

[6]Note, however, that (like the corresponding zc7z-words, who_t where_y etc., in English) the K-words do not always ask questions.

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[7]In F-ino B. estas sekretario, it is possible to say sekretariino,

but seldom necessary, because the sex is already shown by F-ino. We do not often wish to specify : Miss B. is a good female-secretary ! Cp. She is afamous author{ess).

[8]The ferrous form is more than warm_y

And ruddy glozvings light it: Don't wait until it siarts to chill_y

But smite it.

[9]jBear not to glutted cellars near the Tyne

The carbonaceous products of the mine.

^#In the case of devas, early writers ignore this distinction. But it is logical, and increasingly recognized.

[12]Observe yon plumed bipedfine ! To effect his captivation Deposit particles saline Upon his termination.

[13]Do not mispronounce this word.

[14]Where fluvial aggregations lie Uncorrugated to the eye, Their currents, one infers, may be Impressive in profundity.

[14]Despise not zvealth, nor heap on it abuse_t For cash and filthy lucre have their use. Pecuniary agencies have force To stimulate to speed the female horse.

[nsl

[15]In these comparisons of degree some vvould sav : tiom alta, kiom vi. This is not advisable.

[16] Who sums the yet unfractured shells of bipeds gallinaceous Is apt to find his calculations woefully fallacious.

[17] Thinking thine equine friend in noontide heat Draughts from the cool and rippling rill desires_y Stand not amazed, if the ungrateful beast Merely to see his mirrored face aspires.

[18]Occasionally met: ĉi-(shortfor ĉi-tiu-) : ĉi-matene (=hodiaŭ matene), ĉi-vespere, ĉi-nokte.