COMPLETE MANUAL OF THE AUXILIARY LANGUAGE IDO

duesma, 2nd milesma, 1000th.

triesma, 3rd dekeduesma, 12th.

dekesma, 10th.

omna duesma dio,every second day.

Cardinals and ordinals can be used as nouns or adverbs by adding -o or -e:

uno,a unittrio,a trio

duo,a coupledekeduo,a dozen.

un-esmo,the first oneune,in one manner.

dek-esmo,the tenthunesme,firstly.

Fractions are formed by the suffix -im:

du-imo,a half.

quar-imo,a quarter.

dek-imo,a tenth part.

cent-imo,a hundredth.

du triimi,two-thirds.

sep okimi,seven-eighths.

Multiples are formed by the suffix -opl:

du-opl-a,double. cent-opl-a,hundredfold.

(mult-opl-a, manifold.)

Distributives are formed by the suffix -op:

quar-op-e,in fours, four at a time.

(pok-op-e, little by little. vort-op-e, word for word.)

The word times in counting is translated foye:

three times,tri-foye.once,un-foye.

a hundred times,cent-foye.twice,du-foye.

When used as prefixes the numbers have special forms (except 3):

mono-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqua-, sexa-, septua-, okto-, nona-.

E.g. :mono-plano, bi-plano, tri-folio, quadri-pedo, etc.

PARTICIPLES.- The present participle active ends in -anta:

vid-anta,seeing.

The past participle passive ends in -ita:

vid-ita,seen.

These are the two chiefly needed; there are six altogether, the vowels -a-, -i-, -o- being used exactly as in the indicative and infinitive to form a present, a past, and a future participle, both in the active and in the passive. This gives us the complete set:

pres.

vid-anta,seeing;

act.

vid-ata,being seen;

pass.

past

vid-inta,having seen;

act.

vid-ita,seen;

pass.

fut.

vid-onta,about to see;

act.

vid-ota,about to be seen;

pass.

CONVERSATION.

How old are you?

Quante vu evas?

I am ten (years old),

Me evas dek (yari),

She was thirty (years old).

El evis triadek.

When I was seven.

Kande me evis sep.

He is aged (of age).

Il esas ev-oza (grand-eva).

The aged gentleman.

La evoza sior-ulo.

I am forty years of age.

Mea evo esas quaradek yari.

The baby was five months old.

La infanteto evis kin monati.

Complete Manual - Lesson 7

LESSON VII.

The Perfect Tenses of the verb are formed by means of the suffix -ab, placed after the root and before the grammatical ending:

Me parol-ab-is,I had spoken.

Il fin-ab-os,He will have finished.

El en-fal-ab-us,She would have fallen in.

Fin-ab-ez, kande me arivos,Have finished when I (shall) arrive.

For the Present Perfect the ordinary Past is used:

The Progressive Forms (I am speaking, I was speaking) may be translated literally: but most languages find the simple forms of the verb sufficient, so that these are to be preferred in Ido:

Me parolas,I speak, I am speaking.

Me parolis,I spoke, I was speaking, I have spoken.

Me parolos,I shall speak, I shall be speaking.

Me parolus,I should (or would) speak, I should be speaking.

The future participle in -onta translates the English "to be about to," "to be going to":

Me esas parol-onta,I am going to speak.

Il esis parol-onta,He was about to speak.

Kelka homi esas sempre o manjanta, o quik manjonta, o jus manjinta,some people are always either having a meal, or just going to have one, or just having had one.

The Emphatic Forms are translated by the Ido simple forms reinforced by the adverb ya, indeed:

Me ya askoltas,I do listen, I am listening.

Me skribis ya,I did write.

Me atencis ya,I was attending.

Venez ya,Do come!

AFFIXES.- dis-, separation, dissemination:

dis-donar,to distribute (by hand). dis-sekar,to dissect.