Принцип «черного ящика». Как превратить неудачи в успех и снизить риск непоправимых ошибок

71 Отчет Фрэнсиса: http://www.midstaffspublicinquiry.com/sites/default/ files/report/Executive%20summary.pdf.

72 Отчет Керкапа: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/408480/47487_MBI_Accessible_v0.1.pdf.

73 Отчет парламентского комитета: http://www.publications.parliament. uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmpubadm/886/88602.htm.

74 http://www.deadbymistake.com/.

75 Michael Gillam et al. «The Health Care Singularity and the Age of Semantic Medicine» in The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery (Microsoft, 2009).

76 Atul Gawande. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. L.: Profile, 2010.

77 Atul Gawande. Complications.

78 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26autopsy.html?page-wanted=all&_r=0.

79 Atul Gawande. Complications.

80 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/criminal-justice/post-mor tem/ more-deaths-go-unchecked-as-autopsy-rate-falls-to-miserably-low-levels/.

81 James Reason. A Life in Error: From Little Slips to Big Disasters. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013.

82 http://www.chfg.org/resources/07_qrt04/Anonymous_Report_Verdict_ and_Corrected_Timeline_Oct_07.pdf.

83 William Blackstone. Commentaries on the Laws of England. L.: Forgotten Books, 2012.

84 Edwin M. Borchard. Convicting the Innocent and State Indemnity for Errors of Criminal Justice. Seattle: Justice Institute, 2013.

85 Там же.

86 Carole McCartney. Building Institutions to Address Miscarriages of Justice in England and Wales: Mission Accomplished? // University of Cincinnati Law Review. Vol. 80. 2013. № 4.

87 Более подробно о роли ДНК в уголовном правосудии см.: Jim Dwyer, Barry Scheck, and Peter Neufeld. Actual Innocence: When Justice Goes Wrong and How to Make It Right. N. Y.: New American Library, 2003; а также David Lazer et al. DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.

88 http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Blood-groups/Pages/Introductions.aspx.

89 Цит. по: Jim Dwyer, Barry Scheck, Peter Neufeld. Actual Innocence.

90 Подробнее про ошибки, связанные с трактовкой анализа очень маленьких фрагментов ДНК, см.: David Bentley QC. DNA and Case Preparation // Law Society Gazette. 2015. January.

91 Информация о судебных ошибках взята из материалов проекта «Невиновность», государственных баз данных и различных бесед.

92 Информация о Майкле Ширли взята из судебных документов, отчетов и двух бесед с его адвокатом Анитой Бромли.

93 Проект «Невиновность».

94 Samuel R. Gross et al. Exonerations in the United States, 1989 through 2003 // Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. Vol. 95. 2005. № 2. P. 523–560.

95 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld. Actual Innocence.

96 Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken and Stanley Schachter. When Prophecy Fails. Eastford, CT: Martino Fine Books, 2009.

97 Результаты опроса взяты из: Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson, Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions and Hurtful Acts. L.: Pinter & Martin, 2013.

98 Elliot Aronson, Judson Mills. The Effect of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Vol. 59. 1959. September.

99 Carol Tavris, Elliot Aronson. Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).

100 Charles Lord, Lee Ross, Mark Lepper. Biased Assimilation and Attitude Polarisation: The Effects of Poor Theories on Subsequently Considered Evidence // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 37. 1979.

101 Сайт проекта «Невиновность».

102 Kathryn Schulz. Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error. L.: Portobello Books, 2011.

103 Цит. по: Tavris, Aronson, Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).

104 Schulz. Being Wrong.

105 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/dna-evidence-lake-county.html?_r=0.

106 Там же.

107 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld. Actual Innocence.

108 Там же.

109 Проект «Невиновность».

110 Dwyer, Scheck, Neufeld. Actual Innocence.

111 Tavris, Aronson. Mistakes Were Made (but Not by Me).

112 John Banja. Medical Errors and Medical Narcissism. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2005.

113 Там же.

114 Там же.

115 Jeff Stone and Nicholas C. Fernandez. How Behaviour Shapes Attitudes: Cognitive Dissonance Processes. In: William D. Crano and Radmila Prislin (ed.). Attitudes and Attitude Change. N. Y.: Psychology Press, 2013.

116 http://www.tonyblairoffice.org/news/entry/iraq-syria-and-the-middle-east-an-essay-by-tony-blair/.

117 http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2010/11/15/open-letter-to-ben-ber-nanke/.