Jerusalem: The Biography

Administration by Christians: Mansur ibn Sargun: Burns, Damascus 100–15. Administering Palestine: Rogerson 189–92, including quotation ‘I apply not my sword…’ Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 174.

Othman: Rogerson 233–87. Muawiya’s palaces: Humphreys, Muawiya 10–12; politics of lineage 26–37.

Muawiya on Judgement Day/on Syria/sanctifying land/land of ingathering and Judgement: Hassan, ‘Muslim Literature in Praise of Jerusalem’, in Cathedra 1.170. On Judgement Day: Neuwirth, ‘Jerusalem in Islam: The Three Honorific Names of the City’, OJ 77–93. War against Byzantines: Herrin 91–2. Dome of the Chain: Grabar, Shape of the Holy 130. Bayah allegiance – Tabari quoted in Grabar, Shape of the Holy 111–2. Walks through Christian sites: Humphreys, Muawiya 128–9. Umayyads and Jerusalem: Asali, Jerusalem 108–10. Patron and sheikh: Chase F. Robinson, Abd al-Malik 65. Yazid and succession: Humphreys, Muawiya 96–102. Yazid: Ibn Khaldun 164.

5 Abd al-Malik and Dome. This portrait of the caliph and imagery and significance of the Dome is based on Andreas Kaplony, ‘The Mosque of Jerusalem’, in Sacred Esplanade 101–31; Grabar, Shape of the Holy; and Oleg Grabar, The Dome of the Rock; Donner, Muhammad; and Chase F. Robinson, Abd al-Malik. Islamic traditions: al-Tabari, Tarikh 1.2405, and Muthir al-Ghiram quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 187–9.

Donner, Muhammad: civil war 177–89; community of believers into organized Islam 194–9; Last Judgement and Dome of Rock 199–203; Believers into Islam and caliphate, emphasis on caliph/Koran/double shahada/hadith/God’s deputy 203–12; development of Islamic rituals 214; development of Islamic origins, history 216–18. Political mission and religious aims: Wickham 289–95. Abd al-Malik looks: Robinson, Abd al-Malik 52–61; on concubines 20; on flattery 85; rise 25–43; Umayyad residences 47–8. On royal authority: Ibn Khaldun 198–9. Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems 114–20 and 144–51.

Description and aesthetics of the Dome: Grabar, Shape of the Holy 52–116. On services based on Jewish Temple, quote on Temple rebuilt, Koran as Torah: Kaplony, Sacred Esplanade 108–112, including Umayyad ritual from al-Wasiti, Fadail Bayt al-Muqaddas 112. Building the Dome. Robinson, Abd al-Malik 4–9 and 98–100; character 76–94; milestones around Ilya 113–12. On aim to overshadow Church of Sepulchre see al-Muqaddasi, A Description of Syria Including Palestine (henceforth Muqaddasi) 22–3.

Caliph Omar ibn Abd al-Malik 717–20: Frenkel, Sacred Esplanade 346–8. Jews dream of rebuilding Temple and granted acccess – Salman ben Yeruham quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 193, and Isaac ben Joseph at 191–2. Jewish attendants of Dome: Mujir 55–7. Jews and Temple: Sebeos quoted in Stroumsa, Sacred Esplanade 321–33 especially 329–30. Traces of building, seventh century, Persian or early Islamic: Tsafrir, Sacred Esplanade 99. Mosque: Arculf, St Adamnan, Pilgrimage of Arculfus in the Holy Land 1.1–23.

Eating a banana; Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 190 quoting Ibn Asakir’s fadail. Caliph Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik in Jerusalem/bayah/plan to make it imperial capital/ Jewish attendants in Dome: Mujir 56–8. The Dome: Duri in Asali, Jerusalem 109–11. Peters, Jerusalem 197. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 174. Jewish attendants, other buildings: Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 175–80. Byzantine influences on Dome: Herrin 90. Shanks 9–31.

On importance of Holy Land, Jerusalem and Aqsa: Mustafa Abu Sway, Sacred Esplanade 335–43.

6 Umayyad Jerusalem. Al-Aqsa – Grabar, Shape of the Holy 117–22; Aphrodito papyri 12; Umayyad caliphs in Jerusalem, Sulayman and Umar 111; palaces to south of Temple Mount 107–10; the Haram Double and Triple Gates/Gate of Prophet and possibly Golden Gate 122–8 and 152–8; four major domes 158; sceptical that the new Umayyad public buildings south of Temple Mount are necessarily palaces 128–30; Haram 122–8; Dome of the Chain 130–2; city life, Christians and Jews in city 132–5. Goitein, ‘Jerusalem’ 178. Kroyanker 32. Umayyad residences Robinson, Abd al-Malik 47–8. Herrin 90. Shanks 9–31. Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine 69–74 and 104. Mann, 1.44–5. Day of Judgement: Koran 3.185. Byzantine wooden beams in Rockefeller Museum. On apocalyptic geogyaphy and site of Divine–human communication: Neuwirth, OJ 77–93. This account of Islamic End of Days is substantially based on Kaplony, Sacred Esplanade 108–31, especially 124.