COMPLETE MANUAL OF THE AUXILIARY LANGUAGE IDO

altra foyo,another time.

altru parolos,someone else will speak.

altro montros, ke ... ,another thing will show that ...

Nula, nulu, nulo,none, nobody, nothing (the opposite of ulu, etc.).

Singla,single, each.

singla karti,single cards.

li venis single,they came singly.

dek centimi po singla,a penny apiece.

The difference between omna and singla is slight, but clear; omna means every (collectively), while singla means each (distributively):

Omnu parolis, singlu en sua linguo.

Everyone spoke, each in his own language.

Observe that each other can be translated ula la altra (in the plural uni la altri) when the prefix inter- is unsuitable:

Amez uni la altra,

Love one another.

Li interparolis longe,

They talked together (with each other) long.

Li donis donaci uni a l'altri,

They gave each other gifts (gave gifts each to the others).

AFFIXES.- -aj with a verbal root, marks the object of the action expressed by the verb (transitive or mixed):

manj-ajo,food (what is eaten).

drink-ajo,drink (what is drunk).

chanj-ajo,thing changed.

With an intransitive verb it marks the subject of the action:

rezult-ajo,result (what results).

rest-ajo,rest (what remains).

With a non-verbal root, it signifies a thing made of a certain matter, or possessing a certain quality:

lan-ajo,woollen articlebel-ajo,beauty, beautiful thing.

mol-ajo,soft part.

By extension it expresses "act of ...":

amik-ajo, friendly act. infant-ajo, childish prank.

-ur marks the concrete result of the action expressed by the verb:

pikt-uro,a painting.

imit-uro,an imitation (made). (Compare imit-ajo, the thing imitated).

imprim-uro,printed work, letterpress.

fotograf-uro,a photograph (picture).

-ar, collection of:

hom-aro,mankind. vort-aro,vocabulary.

"One of a mass" is expressed by -un:

grel-uno,a hailstone.

Where the elements are pieces, rather than individuals, use peco:

sukro-peco,lump of sugar.

ex-,ex-, former:

ex-konsulo,ex-consul. ex-oficiro,ex-officer.

-um is an indefinite suffix with no fixed meaning. Consult the dictionary for words in which it occurs:

mond-umo,The World, smart society.

foli-umar,to thumb, turn over the leaves of.

kol-umo,(shirt-) collar.

nuk-umo,neck-flap.

CONVERSATION.

Are you a chess-player?

Ka vu esas shak-ludero?

I used to know the moves.

Olim me savis la stroki.

I have forgotten the names of the men.

Me obliviis la nomi di la peci.

I couldn't even castle right.

Me ne povus mem roquar korekte.

Should you prefer to go out and enjoy the fresh air?

Ka vu preferus ekirar e juar la fresha aero?

Yes, indeed; the rain is over.

Yes, certe; la pluvo cesis.

Very well; we'll take our umbrellas, in case it begins again.

Bone; ni prenos nia parapluvi, kaze ke ol rikomencus.

If you are cold, we won't stay long.

Se vu sentos vu kolda, ni ne restos longatempe.

Complete Manual - Lesson 11

LESSON XI.

POSSESSIVE CASE.- (1) The English possessive case has to be turned round, and translated by the preposition di:

The father's dog (= the dog of the father),

La hundo di la patrulo.

The mothers' meeting (= the meeting of the mothers),

La asemblo di la patrini.

A mothers' meeting (= a meeting of mothers),

Asemblo di patrini.

A beggar's revenge (= the revenge of a beggar),

Venjo di mendikisto.

(2) With prepositions to and at, the possessive case is translated by che:

She lives at her uncle's (house),

El lojas che sua onklulo.

He went to his tailor's (shop),

Il iris che sua talioro.