Nature's Evil

Jefferson, Thomas 59 , 109 , 217 –18

Jenkinson, Anthony 98

Jesus 1 , 42

Jevons, William Stanley 64 , 193 , 223 –6, 243 –4, 273 , 292

Jevons paradox 64 , 292

Jews 41 , 127 , 227 –8, 237

Justi, Johann von 54 –5, 159

Kant, Immanuel 167

kaolin 149

katechon 296 –7

Katowice 291 –2

Katte, Hans Hermann von 235

Kaufmann, Konstantin 124

Keats, John 187

kerosene 254 –7, 259

Kett, Robert, rebellion 110

Keynes, John Maynard 5 , 219 , 221 –3, 225 –7, 248 , 271 , 273 , 279 , 283 , 294

Commod Control 227 , 248

Khlysts (Russian sect) 42

Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 155

Kirkcaldy 186

Kirov, Sergey 258 –9

Knorr, Klaus 198

Kodiak island 55 , 58

Kokorev, Vasily 255

Kolchak, Alexander 181

Königsberg 18

Krasin, Leonid 259

Krusenstern, Ivan 57

Küstrin 235

Kuznets, Simon 294

Kyakhta 56 , 105

Kyoto Agreement 290 , 297

La Salle, Robert Cavelier de 187

labour 2 –5, 9 , 14 , 29 , 41 , 45 –6, 51 , 54 –5, 60 –1, 67 –70, 82 –3, 85 –6, 88 –9, 93 , 95 , 101 –7, 110 , 113 , 115 –18, 121 –2, 124 –6, 128 , 152 , 156 , 157 , 165 –8, 172 , 174 –5, 177 –81, 185 , 188 , 193 –5, 201 –14, 216 , 218 –19, 222 , 224 –7, 229 , 233 –4, 241 –3, 245 –7, 249 , 251 –2, 254 , 257 , 262 , 265 –6, 269 –71, 275 , 278 –81, 283 –7, 293 –5, 300 –1

forced labour 18 , 26 , 60 , 67 , 75 –6, 85 , 93 , 170

labour-dependent countries 177 –9, 285 –6

labour-intensive commodities 2 , 18 , 39 , 67 , 157 , 233 , 247 –9, 266 , 271 , 278 , 294

labour theory of value 162 –3, 201 , 209 –11

landowners 1 –2, 18 , 26 –31, 34 –6, 101 , 105 , 107 , 109 , 115 , 121 , 134 , 139 , 149 , 153 , 173 , 194 –5, 217 , 222 , 241 , 284

Langsdorf, Georg 57

Lasky, Jan 51

Latour, Bruno 4 , 283 , 288 –9, 296

laudanum 78

Law, John 186 , 189 –94, 214

law of comparative advantage 3 , 178 –9, 194 , 208 , 225

law of diminishing returns 4 , 25 , 65 , 253 , 262

laziness, indolence, idleness 28 , 30 , 34 , 82 , 116 , 171 , 173 –5, 221 –2

and natives 221 –2

and peasants 30 , 82 , 114 , 170 –4, 205

statistical use of the three words 173

see also mercantile pump

lead (metal) 64 , 136 –7, 143 , 147 –8, 150 , 152

League of Nations 227

Lebensraum 227

Ledyard, John 55

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 77 , 154

Lenin, Vladimir 117

Leviathan 112 –13, 124 , 202 , 210 , 232 , 252 , 287 –9, 298 , 301

Liebig, Justus von 41

linen (and flax) 16 , 25 , 30 , 83 , 86 , 92 –6, 100 , 102 , 104 , 114 –20, 122 , 135 , 152 , 194 , 207 , 233

Linnaeus, Carl 151

Lisbon earthquake 7 , 195 , 292 , 301

List, Friedrich 218 , 246

Little Ice Age 146 , 231

Liverpool 72 , 116

Locke, John 163 , 216

Lomonosov, Mikhail 236

London 15 , 19 , 28 , 31 , 33 , 36 –7, 42 , 45 , 48 , 72 , 74 , 94 , 98 , 106 , 111 –12, 116 , 141 , 147 , 149 , 151 , 172 , 186 , 188 –9, 193 , 201 –2, 209 , 212 , 238 , 242 , 246 , 257 , 285

Louis XIV, king of France 66 , 73 , 187 –8

Louisiana 59 , 71 , 106 , 116 , 187 , 190 –1, 195 , 213 , 273

Lovelock, James 287 –8

Luhansk 241

Lukashevich, Ignatius 254

Luther, Hans 139

Luther, Martin 6 , 139 –40, 142 , 147 , 153 , 283

luxury 40 , 48 , 68 , 73 , 88 –9, 100 , 198 , 214 –15, 218 , 294

debate on 42 , 18 , 171 –4, 293 –4

and temptation 173 –5

top-down movement 92 , 170 –1, 211

see also imitation; mercantile pump

Macauley, Zachary 84

Machiavelli, Niccolò 152 , 296

Macron, Emmanuel 281

Madame de Pompadour (Jeanne Antoinette Poisson) 215

Maestro Lorenzo 144

Magellan, Ferdinand 138

Magnus, Olaus 136

malaria 186 , 190 , 235 –6

Malthus, Robert 30 , 40 , 166 , 170 , 211 , 219 –26, 243 , 280 –1

Manchester 36 , 42 , 80 , 87 , 119 , 121 , 209 , 220

Mandeville, Bernard 171 –2

Mandeville, John 114

Mansfeld (Saxony) 139 –40

Mantashev, Alexander 257 –8

Manuel I, king of Portugal 138

manure 25 , 27 –8, 149 , 172 , 232

Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund 75

Marshall, John 178

Marshall Plan 260 , 263

Martens, Adolph 132

martensite (metal) 132

Martinique 68 , 188 , 216

Marx, Karl 4 , 6 , 30 , 37 , 60 , 163 , 166 , 170 , 180 , 205 –6, 252 , 270

and nature 209 –11

Mary I, queen of England 98

mass consumption 15 , 39 , 41 , 47 –8, 69 , 71 , 73 , 117 , 170 , 175 , 211 , 267 , 294 , 295

material turn (materiality) 5 –6, 161 , 180 , 209

Matthew (Apostle) 1

meat 12

abstaining from 42 –3, 61 , 298

consumption 40 , 73

and emissions 43 , 61 , 279 –80

preservation 40 –1, 46 , 169 –70

production 12 , 109

trade 32 , 35 , 169

see also vegetarianism

Mediterranean 17 , 24 , 31 , 65 , 114 , 128 , 145

melancholy 5 , 78

Mellon, Andrew 259

Melville, Herman 59

Mendeleev, Dmitry 255 –6, 259

mercantile pump 197 , 212 –13, 273 , 293

mercantilism 5 , 17 , 37 , 65 , 72 , 91 , 95 , 113 , 123 , 151 , 166 , 175 , 182 , 185 , 198 –9, 211 –12, 249 , 275

and empires 86 , 95 , 180 , 112 , 182 , 202 , 288 , 295

mercantile vs. mercantilist 72

and population 153 , 175 , 197

post-Soviet Russia as a mercantile state 182 , 266 , 282 , 295

mercenaries 48 , 50 , 102 , 105 , 137 , 142 , 183

merchant-carriers 77 , 88 , 198 , 262

mercury 52 , 135 , 141 , 143 –4, 147 –8, 152 , 207

Mesopotamia 21 , 23 –4, 26 , 31 , 128

Mesta 106 , 108 –9

metallurgic processes 17 , 52 , 128 –36, 143 , 146 , 150 , 155 –6

cupellation 128 , 132 , 143

forging 17 , 130 , 132 –3, 136 , 148 , 156 , 207

liquation 135 , 137 , 143