Nature's Evil

see also commodities; natural resources

Rawls, John 283 –5

Raynal, Abbé Guillaume-Thomas François 84 , 105 , 215 , 220

redistribution 2 , 211 , 218 , 252 , 265 –6, 269 , 280 , 282 –3, 294

and recognition 299 –300

Reformation, Protestant 24 , 140 , 142 , 148

Renaissance 3 , 42 , 89 –90, 235 , 148 , 156 , 179

rent 18 , 28 –9, 36 , 46 , 139 , 142 , 203 , 221 , 252 , 264 , 266 , 268 , 276

resource panic 214 , 220 , 223 , 228 , 273 , 297

resource platforms 8 , 130 –1, 161 , 176 , 274

shifts 178 , 211 , 229 , 242 , 274

Rezanov, Nikolay 56 –9

Rhine river 17 , 235

Ribeiro, Diogo 138

Ricardo, David 36 , 180 , 221 , 223 , 225 , 270 , 279

rice 21 , 24 , 79 –80

Riga 18 , 141

rigging 94 –5, 103 , 105 –6, 198

riverine system 26

Rockefeller, John D. 255 –6, 259 , 272

Rome 12 , 14 –15, 19 , 25 , 31 , 64 , 89 , 129 , 132 , 136 , 141 –2, 234 , 297

Ross, Michael 266 –7

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 105 , 232

Royal Navy 68 , 72 , 94 –5, 105 –6, 197 , 240 , 260

Royal Society 24 , 109 , 147 , 149 , 151 , 199 , 212 –13

Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor 148 –9

Ruhr basin 228 , 246 –8, 260

rum 7 , 40 , 45 , 58 , 67 –8, 71 , 73 , 83 , 117

Russia 6 , 17 –18, 20 , 30 , 31 , 46 –9

principality of Moscow 97 –104, 111 , 145 , 155 –8

Russian Empire 33 , 34 , 37 , 42 , 50 , 53 –61, 66 , 72 , 94 –6, 105 –6, 121 –5, 150 , 168 , 176 , 184 , 188 , 192 , 198 , 206 , 217 –18, 220 , 226 , 239 , 243 , 247 –8, 254 , 256 , 259 , 265 –70, 272 –4, 276 , 277 , 279

Russian Federation 38 , 180 , 265 , 268 , 276 , 282

see also Soviet Union

Russian disease 274 –6

sable 48 –54, 59 , 61

Sahlins, Marshall 63

Saint-Domingue (Haiti) 45 , 67 –8, 73 –5, 191

St Jerome 42

St Petersburg 19 , 31 –3, 55 , 58 –9, 84 , 104 –5, 123 , 135 , 159 –60, 201 , 208 , 216 , 235 –6, 246 , 255 –7, 292

Sakhalin island 59

salt 11 , 40 , 45 , 255 , 273

institutions 65

natural history, 64 –6, 99

taxation 66 , 217

trade 51 , 64

vs. sugar 62 , 64 –6, 178

saltpetre 24 , 149

salvation 141 –2, 154 , 279

Saxony 97 , 134 –5, 137 , 139 , 148 –50, 153 –4, 157 –9

Schmitt, Carl 98 , 268

Schwaz 135 –6, 148

Scotland 72 , 95 , 102 , 113 , 145 , 174 , 184 –6, 189 , 200 , 202 , 214 , 220 , 234 , 239 , 242

Scott, James C. 23 , 23 , 30

scurvy 40 , 42 , 58

sea otter 54 –61

seal 57 , 59

seasonal work 31 , 124 , 205 –7, 218

second body 4 , 110 , 229 , 265

Second World War 85 , 134 , 248 , 252 , 259 –60, 296

self-immolation 157 –8

Seneca 89

Serdyukov, Mikhail 32

serfdom 18 , 35 , 84 , 96 , 101 –2, 170

sericulture 90 –2

Serpentine Mountain (Altai) 159

Seven Years’ War 28 , 45 , 53 –4, 73 , 77 , 153 –4, 191 , 215 , 217 , 235

Seville 143 –6

Sextus Marius 1 , 129 , 155

Shakers 42

Shamans 49 , 96 , 135 , 143 , 157

Shatura bog (near Moscow) 237

Shaumian, Stepan 158

Shchapov, Afanasy 60

sheep 12 –14, 22 , 39 , 46 , 71 , 106 –15, 118 , 121 , 133 , 146 , 165 , 167 , 194 , 205 –6, 212 , 235

Churra 106 –8

Merino 106 –9

Shelikhov, Grigory 55 –6

shipbuilding 15 , 194

Shipman, Pat 13

Shukhov, Vasily 256 , 159

Siberia 6 , 20 , 32 , 49 , 50 , 52 –61, 84 , 99 , 156 –7, 159 , 179 , 181 , 249 , 254 , 262 –3

Silesia 153

silk 3 , 5 , 7 , 24 , 53 , 86

and cotton 92 –3, 113 , 115 , 119 , 170

fur and silk 89

geography 56 , 67 , 90 –2, 101 , 192

institutions 89 –92

natural history 86 –9, 113 , 166 –7

silkworms 88 –92

Silliman, Benjamin 255

silver 1 –3, 5 , 15 , 18 , 34 , 48 , 50 , 60 , 66 , 78 –9, 89 –90, 104 , 106 , 108 , 114 , 117 , 127 –9, 134 –7, 139 –46, 148 , 152 , 154 , 159 , 161 , 168 , 177 –80, 182 , 184 –5, 187 , 189 , 191 –2, 194 –5, 198 , 203 , 222 , 238 , 267

Simon, William 272

Singer, Peter 176

slavery 69 , 75 –6, 84 , 85 , 145 , 170 , 174 , 182 , 220 –1, 284

sledge 33 , 47 , 49 , 55 , 61

smallholdings 70 , 75 , 102 , 125 , 156 , 208 , 211 , 222

Smith, Adam 30 , 36 , 55 , 69 , 109 , 113 , 161 , 163 , 174 , 182 , 186 , 193 , 198 , 200 –1, 204 , 216 , 218 –19, 239 , 283

smuggling 45 , 53 , 109 , 200 , 216

socialism 254 , 265 , 294

solar energy 12 , 278 , 287

solidarity 139 , 232 , 245 , 248 –50, 302

Solovetsky monastery 103 , 157

Solovyev, Ivan 60

Sombart, Werner 82

sovereign 3 –4, 9 , 99 , 110 , 112 , 137 , 145 , 152 –3, 182 , 198 , 213 , 229 , 232 , 236 , 274 –5, 289 , 293 , 301

sovereign funds 182 , 274 –5

Soviet Union 35 , 37 –8, 60 –1, 92 , 122 , 125 , 179 –82, 227 –8, 249 , 258 –69, 271 –3, 282 , 285 , 294 –6

see also Russia

Spanish Empire 97 , 108 , 137 , 141 , 144 –6, 166 , 185 , 191 , 203

specialisation 3 , 30 , 68 , 70 , 204 –8, 24

see also division of labour

Spinoza, Baruch 167

spirits 147 , 151

squirrel 46 –9, 54 , 61

Stalin, Josef 124 –5, 228 , 257 –9, 293

staple theory 4 , 54

Stashevsky, Artur 60

steam engines 3 , 44 , 114 , 116 , 119 , 159 –60, 203 , 212 , 223 –4, 234 , 239 –42, 244 , 256

steamships 37 , 54 , 79 , 244

Steller’s sea cow 57

Stephenson, George 240

Stollmeyer, Conrad 254

strikes 139 , 245 –8, 250 , 257 , 288

subsidies 38 , 43 , 65 –6, 75 , 94 , 100 , 211 , 259 , 276 –7, 279 –81, 283 , 299

subsistence farming 14 , 18 , 26 , 30 –1, 50 , 83 , 99 , 118 , 134 , 145 , 168 , 174 , 183 –4, 203 , 208 , 212

sugar 5 , 7 , 11 , 24 –5, 37

see also beet sugar; cane sugar

Surinam 7 , 193