Nature's Evil

and peat 231 –40

politics of 223 –5, 227 –8, 243 –9

processing 178 , 239

see also Industrial Revolution

Cobden, Richard 36 –7, 80

Cocchi, Antonio 42

Cockayne, William (alderman) 111 , 118

cocoa/chocolate 62 –3, 68 –71, 83 , 169

chocolate clubs 74 , 79

cod 1 , 44 –5, 48 , 145 , 170

coffee 62 –3, 69 , 71 , 74 –5, 82 –4, 169 , 187 –8, 209 , 215 –16, 264 , 284

coffeehouses 75 , 79 , 188 , 200

Cold War 171 , 252 , 260 , 262 , 294 , 296

collectivisation, collective farms (Soviet Union) 35 , 37 , 125 , 262

colonial stores (épicerie , Kolonialhandlung ) 169 , 212

colonies 7 , 15 , 32 , 55 , 57 –9, 81 , 99 , 176 , 185 –7, 198 –9, 217 , 258 , 275

overseas vs. European 18 –19, 33 –4, 99 –104, 154 , 165 , 170 , 176 , 187 , 220 , 227 –8, 234 –6

colonisation 3 , 18 , 49 –50, 56 , 68 , 97 , 129

external vs. internal 6 , 99 –100, 222 , 227 , 234 , 236

commodification 1 , 169 –70, 212

commodities 1 –9, 51 , 84 , 87 , 119 , 126 , 165 , 168 –70, 175 , 177 –8, 214 , 241 –2, 271

addictive vs. satiable 62 –4, 69 , 82 –3, 117 , 173

branded vs. sorted 71 , 284

and colonies 198 –9

and finished goods 5 , 91 , 163 , 169 , 194 , 209

and institutions 5 , 9 , 70 , 275 –6, 285 , 289

and mercantile pump 211 –13

and monopolies 139 –42, 178 , 200 –2, 253 , 269

and natural resources 168 –70

and parasitic state 295

and prices 33 , 194 , 226 –7, 272 –3

raw vs. dry 168 –9, 212

common good 7 , 44 , 145 , 172 , 293

companies

Company of Merchant Adventurers 109

Company of Merchants of the Staple 110

Darien Company 186 –7

Dutch East India Company 51 –3, 84 , 105 , 115 , 234 , 258

Dutch West India Company 234

Eastland Company 11 , 149

English (British) East India Company 74 , 77 –8, 94 , 147 , 172 , 193

Hudson Bay Company, 52 –3, 57

joint stock companies 115 , 202 , 232

Mississippi Company 190 –2, 195 , 217

Muscovy Company of England 51 , 57 , 97 –8, 101 –3, 111

Russian-American Company 57 –9

South Sea Company 184 –5, 221

Transcaucasian company (a project) 192 –3

Confucianism 79 , 81 , 133

Congo 84

Conrad, Joseph 84

consumption 12 , 15 , 43 , 167 , 170 , 178 , 224 , 234 , 242 , 260 –3

and demand-side modernisation 175 , 263

and ‘effectual demand’ (Malthus) 221 –2

elite vs. mass consumption 35 , 39 , 41 –3, 47 –8, 68 –73, 76 , 110 –12, 124 , 267 , 294

and emissions 278 –9, 287

etymology 63

and gender 82 –3, 117

and mercantile pump 211 –13

and production 62 –4, 174 , 252

and ‘refinement of taste’ (Hume) 172 –5, 211

Continental System 36 , 105 –6

Cook, James (captain) 55 , 220

coolies 79 , 85

copper 1 , 127 –55, 159 , 172 , 180

Corn Laws 36 –7, 220

Coronil, Fernando 4 , 264

corruption 77 , 134 , 180 , 277 , 282

Cossacks 49 –50, 56

costs 4 , 41 , 46 , 57 , 68 , 70 , 110 , 122 , 124 , 126 , 128 , 251 , 273 , 279 –80

extraction costs 91 , 115 , 178 , 251 , 264 , 272 , 279 –80

labour costs 110 , 122 , 194 , 264

protection/security costs 68 , 251 , 268 , 277

transportation costs 17 –19, 26 , 32 –3, 35 –6, 41 , 46 –7, 57 , 82 , 87 , 108 , 162 , 177 , 194 , 256

cottage industry (proto-industry) 26 , 82 , 101 , 110 –13, 117 –18, 121 –2, 207 , 212

cotton

extraction 116

geography 114 –16, 122

natural history 87 , 93 , 113 –15, 167 , 284

politics of 36 –7, 120 , 124 , 178 , 218 , 228 , 242 , 267

processing 117 –21, 170

and slavery 67 –8, 93 , 115 –16

COVID-19 pandemic 61 , 250 , 298 –9

Crimean War 104 , 122 –3, 277

critical theory 5 , 162 –3, 220

crop rotation 4 , 24 –9, 34 –5, 215 , 235

Crosby, Alfred 94 , 98

cultural reflections 3 , 7 , 22 , 42 , 48 , 59 , 69 , 84 , 105 , 110 , 112 –13, 115 , 127 , 138 , 165 , 171 , 183 –5, 187 –9, 195 –6, 201 –2, 216 –17, 263 , 286 , 288 , 301 –2

curators (of commodity trade) 91 –2, 102 , 108 , 117 , 134 –5

customs officials 84 , 98 , 112 , 216 , 220

da Gama, Gaspar 138

da Gama, Vasco 137

Danzig 18 , 25 , 31 , 135 , 141

Darby, Abraham 158 , 239

Davenant, Charles 112 –13, 199 , 216

Davenant, William 112

De Geer, Louis 146

de La Rivière, Lemercier 216

de Toledo, Francisco 143

de Vries, Jan 35 , 170

Decembrist Revolt 59

decolonisation 45 , 75 , 84 –5, 199 , 260

and post-catastrophic 195 , 214 , 301

and post-colonial 6 , 166 , 196 , 217 –18

and post-socialist 6 , 166 , 270 , 282

Dee, John 57 , 97

Defoe, Daniel 183 –6, 193

deforestation 17 –20, 25 , 116 , 234 , 281

Demidov family 155 –60

Akinfy 159

Nikita 158 –9

Nikolay 160

Prokofiy 160

demodernisation 276 , 295

Derzhavin, Gavriil 56

Deterding, Henri 258 –9

DeWolf, John 58

diamonds 161 , 178

diets 12 , 22 , 29 , 39 –43, 62 , 74 , 79 , 83 , 172

division of labour (specialisation) 69 –70, 93 , 107 , 124 , 143 , 201 , 218 –19

and agriculture 203 –6, 218

and extraction 206 –8

and mining 245

Domesday Book 240

Donbas 246 , 258 –9

drugs

etymology 168

soft drugs 63 –4, 66 -–86, 175

Dürer, Albrecht 137

Dutch disease 177 , 195 , 249 , 274 –6

Dutch Republic 17 , 28 , 31 , 35 , 145 –6, 199 , 231 –7

dyes 87 , 93 , 111 , 113 , 118 , 144 , 168 , 198 , 216

dykes 232 , 234

economic growth 27 , 37 , 116 , 122 , 171 , 174 , 176 , 221 , 226 , 242 , 252 , 272 , 287 , 300

and addiction 62 –4, 252

and emissions 290 –1, 297

and inequality 267 , 294 –6

limits to growth 124 , 162 , 279 , 297