Nature's Evil

Paracelsus 147

parasitic state 145 , 293 , 295 –6

definition 295

Paris 19 , 31 , 33 , 40 , 45 , 48 , 66 , 147 , 188 –92, 194 –5, 213 , 216 –17, 225 , 247 , 290

Paris Agreement 290

patents 91 , 116 , 120 , 223 , 240

Paterson, William 183 –4, 186

Paul (Apostle) 41

Paul I, emperor of Russia 56 , 105

paupers 89 , 120 –1, 270

Paykull, Otto Arnold von 150

peasants 3 , 15 , 64 , 75 , 218 , 222

and coercion 18 –19, 26 , 37 , 46 –7, 56 , 78 –82, 88 , 125 , 158

and consumption 35 , 74 , 117 , 124 , 171 –4

and diversity of work 22 –3, 25 –35, 69 , 90 , 93 , 102 , 107 , 114 , 116 , 122 –4, 128 , 133 , 147 –8, 206 , 233

and resistance 30 , 110 , 120 , 142

and trade 34 , 174 , 203 –7, 212 –15

see also mercantile pump; subsistence farming

peat 1 , 15 , 19 , 21 –2, 130 , 155 –6, 170 , 224

institutions 233 –8

natural history 231 –3

Peel, Robert 36 –7, 120

Pennsylvania 94 , 244 , 246 –7, 255 –6

pepper 63 , 92 , 135 , 138 ,142

perishable products 22 , 26 , 40 , 163 , 168 –9, 209 , 212

permafrost 289 , 291 –2, 300

Persia 14 , 66 –7, 88 , 90 –1, 98 –9, 101 , 114 , 165 , 192 , 244

Peru 143 , 147 , 161 , 176 –7, 287 , 191 , 238

Peter I, emperor of Russia 17 , 32 , 104 –5, 157 –9, 188 , 192

Peterloo 121

petrofarming 21 , 38 , 280

petroleum 63 , 69 , 84 , 116 , 226 , 251 –3, 271 , 173

petromacho 268

petrostate 252 , 263 –7, 269 , 277 –8, 284

and blood circulation 277 –8

and inverted funnel 277

and king’s two bodies 4 , 229

and mercantile state, 73 , 180 –2, 249 , 275 , 295

Petty, William 199 , 210

Philippe, duke of Orléans 187 –9

Philips, Lion 209

phlogiston 155 , 297

physiocrats 152 , 214 –15, 217 –18, 225 , 281

Piketty, Thomas 282

pipelines 251 , 253 , 268 , 277 –8, 283 , 291

pirates 72 , 108 , 131 , 144 , 197 , 254 , 286 , 299

Pitt, William the elder 73

plague 29 , 40 , 106 , 145 , 254 , 297 , 301

planned economy 137 , 249 , 254 , 278

plantations 7 , 19 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 62 , 67 –70, 72 –3, 75 –6, 84 , 92 , 100 , 103 , 114 –16, 118 , 182 , 184 –5, 188 , 191 , 199 –200, 209 , 212 –13, 215 –16, 220 –1, 242 , 254 , 284

see also slavery

Platt, Hugh 239

pleasure 76 , 82 , 84 , 175 –6, 188 , 191 , 263

see also addiction

plough 12 , 16 , 22 –3, 25 , 27 , 125 , 128 –9, 131 , 133 , 147 –8, 156 , 204 , 206 , 224

Pocock, J. G. A. 161

Pokrovsky, Mikhail 277

Poland 12 , 20 , 26 , 35 , 53 , 105 , 111 , 122 , 124 , 153 , 203 , 216 , 222 , 227 , 235 , 237 , 249 –50

Polanyi, Karl 119 , 162 , 168 , 170 , 180 , 208 , 211 , 270

political economy 4 –6, 42 , 60 , 137 , 152 , 182 –3, 193

alternative traditions 30 , 137 , 161 , 170 –5, 177 –8, 196 , 208 , 214 –16, 229 , 246 , 268 , 278 , 294 , 300

classical 5 , 36 , 73 , 116 –62, 166 , 201 –3, 221 , 225 , 275 , 279

and post-catastrophic thought 186 –7, 196 , 214 –17

political evil 6 , 68 , 77 , 187 , 296

see also corruption; inequality

pollution 41 , 43 , 61 , 250 , 287

Polzunov, Ivan 159

Pomeranz, Kenneth 82 , 242

Pomors 53 , 97 , 101 –2, 104 , 157

poppy 76 –8, 81 , 167

population 16 , 21 , 26 , 28 , 40 , 54 , 153 , 219 –23, 265 , 268 –70, 290 , 294

decline 55 , 58 –60, 79 , 108 , 121 , 134 , 145 , 146 , 153 , 237 , 266 , 295 –6

growth 13 , 18 , 32 –4, 37 , 43 , 199 , 213 , 215 , 219 , 223 –6, 279

migration 11 , 24 , 120 , 123 , 131 , 157 , 197 –8, 274 , 291 –2, 30

porcelain 71 , 74 , 149 , 170 –1, 215 , 233

Portugal 17 , 25 , 137 –8

Postlethwayt, Malachy 199

potash 18 , 104 , 153 , 198

potato 30 , 33 –5, 37 , 58 , 76 , 169 , 212 –13, 221 –2, 293

Potemkin, Grigory (Prince) 55 –6, 176

Potosí 34 , 141 , 143 –4, 158 , 178

Pozharsky, Dmitry 102

Prague 25 , 112 , 145 , 148

Prebisch–Singer hypothesis 179 , 225

Prévost, Abbé Antoine François 195

Priestly, Joseph 115

primitive accumulation 6 , 60 , 170

probability theory 189

processing 9 , 46 , 86 , 110 , 113 –14, 126 , 132 , 165 –7, 206 , 209 , 240 , 284

drying (dehydration) as processing 169 –70

primary 67 , 70 –2, 93 –6, 118 , 169 , 176

secondary 86 –7, 91 , 117 –19, 122 , 169 , 200

progress 64 , 68 , 83 –4, 131 , 169 , 220 , 265 , 292 , 295 –7, 300

in Bentham 176

in Hume 170 –5

in Lenin 117

in Smith 205

proletariat 69 , 120 , 125 , 163 , 245 –7, 297

Prometheus 11 , 90

property rights 2 , 12 , 17 , 37 , 99 , 131 , 139 , 143 , 182 , 191 , 228 , 232 , 276 , 278 , 285

state property 33 , 54 , 99 , 110 , 133 , 229 , 248 , 253 , 266 , 283

protectionism 36 –7, 123 , 246

protein 43 –4,69 , 74

Prussia 18 , 20 , 26 –8, 34 , 57 , 105 , 109 , 111 , 115 , 153 –4, 158 , 234 , 243

Pufendorf, Samuel 152

Pushkin, Alexander 188 –9, 201 –2

Quakers 52 , 116 , 158 , 236 , 239

Quesnay, François 214 –17

racism 75 , 180 , 222

Radishchev, Alexander 84 , 188 , 216

Raleigh, Walter 34

rare metals 129 –30, 155 , 159 , 161 , 228 , 278 , 287

raw materials 1 –3, 6 , 9 , 15 , 25 , 28 , 37 , 48 , 54 , 60 , 72 –3, 87 , 91 , 100 , 104 –6, 114 –15, 118 , 143 , 145 –6, 155 , 161 , 165 –6, 178 , 180 , 185 , 194 , 197 –9, 202 , 206 , 209 , 213 , 226 –8, 233 , 246 , 248 , 253 , 261 , 271 , 276 , 282 , 290 , 295 –6

and empires 96 , 198 –9

and finished goods 31 , 73 , 91 , 168

and ‘history from below 10

and perishability 20 , 26 , 41 , 163 , 168 –9