9. Miessner, B. (1916), Radiodynamics: The Wireless Control of Torpedoes and Other Mechanisms (New York: Van Nostrand), p. 195.
10. Loeb, J. (1918), Forced Movements, Tropisms and Animal Conduct (London: Lippincott), pp. 68–9.
11. Miessner (1916), p. 199; Cordeschi, R. (2002), The Discovery of the Artificial: Behavior, Mind and Machines Before and Beyond Cybernetics (London: Kluwer).
12. Uexkull, J. von (1926), Theoretical Biology (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner).
13. Magnus, R. (1930), Lane Lectures on Experimental Pharmacology and Medicine (Stanford: Stanford University Press), p. 333.
14. Uexkull (1926), p. 273.
15. Lotka, A. (1925), Elements of Physical Biology (Baltimore: Williams &Wilkins), p. 342.
16. Hull, C. and Baernstein, H. (1929), Science 70:14–15; Baernstein, H. and Hull, C. (1931), Journal of General Psychology 5:99–106; Krueger, R. and Hull, C. (1931), Journal of General Psychology 5:262–9.
17. Krueger and Hull (1931), p. 267.
18. Baernstein and Hull (1931), p. 99.
19. Ross, T. (1933), Scientific American 148:206–8.
20. Ross, T. (1935), Psychological Review 42:387–93, p. 387.
21. Ross, T. (1938), Psychological Review 45:185–9, p. 138.
22. Time, 16 September 1935.
23. Bernstein, J. (1868), Pfluger, Archiv fur Physiologie 1:173–207; Seyfarth, E.-A. (2006), Biological Cybernetics 94:2–8.
24. Bernstein, J. (1902), Pfluger, Archiv fur Physiologie 92:521–62.
25. McComas, A. (2011), Galvani’s Spark: The Story of the Nerve Impulse (Oxford: Oxford University Press); Campenot, R. (2016), Animal Electricity: How We Learned That the Body and Brain are Electric Machines (London: Harvard University Press).
26. Gotch, F. and Burch, G. (1899), Journal of Physiology 24:410–26.
27. Gotch, F. (1902), Journal of Physiology 28:395–416, p. 414.
28. Frank, R. (1994), Osiris 9:208–35.
29. https://tinyurl.com/Adrian-Nobel.
30. Hodgkin, A. (1979), Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 25:1–73; Frank (1994); Garson, J. (2015), Science in Context 28:31–52.
31. Adrian, E. (1914), Journal of Physiology 47:460–74.
32. McComas (2011), pp. 73–4.
33. Forbes, A. and Thacher C. (1920), American Journal of Physiology 52:409–71, p. 468. Daly in the UK and Hober in Germany had similar ideas – Adrian, E. (1928), The Basis of Sensation (London: Christophers), p. 42.
34. Frank (1994), p. 218.
35. Hodgkin (1979), p. 25.
36. Там же, p. 21.
37. Adrian, E. (1926a), Journal of Physiology 61:49–72; Adrian, E. (1926b), Journal of Physiology 62:33–51; Adrian, E. and Zotterman, Y. (1926a), Journal of Physiology 61:151–71; Adrian, E. and Zotterman, Y. (1926b), Journal of Physiology 61:465–83.
38. Frank (1994), p. 209.
39. Adrian, E. and Matthews, B. (1934), Brain 57:355–85, p. 355.
40. Там же, p. 384. We still do not fully understand the origin of EEG – Cohen, M. (2017), Trends in Neurosciences 40:208–18.
41. Эта и следующая цитата из: Adrian (1928), pp. 6, 118–19, 120, 112.
42. Adrian, E. (1932), The Mechanism of Nervous Action: Electrical Studies of the Neurone (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), p. 12.
43. Thomson, S. and Smith, H. (1853), A Dictionary of Domestic Medicine and Household Surgery (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo), p. 291.
44. Adrian (1928), pp. 91, 100, 98.
45. Garson (2015), p. 46.
9. Контроль. 1930–1950-е годы
1. Smalheiser, N. (2000), Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 43:217–26, pp. 217–18.
2. Easterling, K. (2001), Cabinet 5, https://tinyurl.com/Easterling-Pitts; Gefter, A. (2015), Nautilus 21, https://tinyurl.com/Gefter-Pitts.
3. Chen, Z. (1999), in R. Wilson and F. Keil (eds.), MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 650–52, p. 650.