Jerusalem: The Biography

Franciscans: Boniface of Ragusa, St Saviour’s, Way of Cross develops: Horn, Ichnographiae Monumentorum Terrae Sanctae 160–6. Ottoman repairs on Haram: St Laurent, OJ 415–21. Economy: Amnon Cohen, Economic Life in Ottoman Jerusalem 1–124.

3 Duke of Naxos: Cecil Roth, The House of Nasi: The Duke of Naxos 17–28, 75–111; Duke of Mytilene 205. Brenner 142–3. Finkel 161. Bedouin attack: Cohen, Economic Life in Ottoman Jerusalem 120 and 166. French consuls and constant changes of praedominium: Bernard Wasserstein, Divided Jerusalem: The Struggle for the Holy City (henceforth Wasserstein) 15–23. Kabbalists such as Shalom Sharabi in Jerusalem: Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City 125; early Jerusalemites such as Meyugars family. Kuski family from Georgia arrived eighteenth century: conversation with Gideon Avni. Yehuda ha Hasid and Ashkenazi immigrants: Hurva Synagogue, Goldhill, City of Longing 167. French consul from Sidon, fighting between Christian sects, disdain for Orthodox feigned body of Christ with spices and powders, fancied corpse, tattoos of pilgrims, Holy Fire, Bedlam and burnt beards: Henry Maundrell, A Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem in 1697 80–100 and 125–30. Muslim attitudes to Easter (Feast of Red Egg); and Church: Evliya, Ottoman Traveller 330–7 and 352. Way of the Cross develops: Peters, Jerusalem 437.

4 Ridwan and Farrukh, seventeenth century: Zeevi, Ottoman Century 20–5; Ridwan 35–1; Farrukhs 43–56; downfall 57–61. Ridwan building on Haram, OJ 831–57. Abdul-Karim Rafeq, Province of Damascus 1723–83 57. Druze chieftain threatens Palestine: Finkel 179. Suicidal Christians: Peters, Jerusalem 461. Way of the Lord/Stations of the Cross: Horn, Ichnographiae Monumentorum Terrae Sanctae 160–86. Sepulchre, Henry Timberlake in Peters, Jerusalem 508–9; Sanderson 488–90, 510–15. Commerce: George Hintlian, ‘Commercial Life of Jerusalem’, in OJ 229–34: Cohen, Sacred Esplanade 211–16. French praedominium: Wasserstein 15–23.

5 Christians early seventeenth century. George Sandys, A Relation of a Journey begun AD 1610 147–9, 154–73. Sandys and American views of Jews and Jerusalem: Hilton Obenzinger, American Palestine: Melville, Twain, and the Holy Land Mania 14–23. Timberlake in jail: Peters, Jerusalem Peters, 511–2; John Sanderson accused of being Jew 512–14. American Puritans, Cromwell, End of Days and conversion: MacCulloch 717–25. Oren, Power; Sandys, Bradford and Mayflower quotation, early Awakenings 80–3. Mysticism: Evliya, Ottoman Traveller 330–7. Cohen, Sacred Esplanade 211–26. Armenian visitor Jeremiah Keomurdjian reports Easter parade led by Pasha of Jerusalem with drums and trumpets: Kevork Hintlian, ‘Travellers and Pilgrims in the Holy Land: The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem in the 17th and 18th Centuries’, in Anthony O’Mahony (ed.), The Christian Heritage in the Holy Land 149–59. Cromwell, Menasseh bin Israel: Brenner 124–7. Bible as national epic – Thomas Huxley quoted in Tuchman 81; on Sanderson and Timberlake, on Cromwell and return of Jews 121–45. Zeevi, Ottoman Century 20–5; Ridwan 35–41; Farrukh 43–56; downfall 57–61. Rafeq, Province of Damascus 57. Praedominium: Wasserstein 15–23.

6 Sabbatai: this account is based on Gershom G. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism; on G. G. Scholem, Sabbatai Zevi: The Mystical Messiah; on David Abulafia, The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean; on Brenner. Scholem, Mysticism 3–8, Zohar 156–9, 205, 243; influence of Spanish exodus and Isaac Luria 244–6; Sabbatai 287–324. Mazower, Salonica 66–78. Kabbalists such as Shalom Sharabi in Jerusalem: Gilbert, Rebirth 125. Yehuda ha Hasid, Hurva Synagogue: Goldhill, City of Longing 167. Sabbatai: Finkel 280.