Jerusalem: The Biography

Christians: Armenians and Jaqmaq: Hintlian, History of the Armenians in the Holy Land 5. On visit to Haram in disguise, interest in others and learning phrases: Arnold von Harff quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 406–7. Governor’s house and concubines: Fabri, Book of Wanderings 1.451; Barsbay and Jewish bid for Tomb of David 1.303–4; rules for pilgrims 1.248–54; entering Sepulchre, hair, stalls, Saracens, bodies, graffiti, traders, exhaustion, stress, questions 1.299, 341, 363, 411–15, 566–7, 2.83–7. History of Franciscans: Elzear Horn, Ichnographiae Monumentorum Terrae Sanctae 81–3. Pay or beaten to death: Niccolo di Poggibonsi (1346) quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 434; way of the Cross 437; on Mount Zion, King Rupert etc.: Elzear Horn quoted at 369; burning of four monks 1391, 459; no entry on horseback, Bertrandon de la Brocquière 1430s, 470. Henry IV: Tuchman 45. Henry V: Christopher Allmand, Henry V 174. 8 Qaitbay. Parades: Mujir 182; beauty 183, quotes Ibn Hujr; Qaitbay visit 142–4, 288. Ashrafiyya and sabil: Burgoyne, Mamluk Jerusalem 78–80, 589–608; royal residence Tankiziyya 228. Kroyanker 47. Qaitbay and omelette: Peters, Jerusalem 406. Door of Aqsa: Goldhill, City of Longing 126. Drory, Cathedra 1.1196–7. Governor’s house and concubines: Fabri, Book of Wanderings 1.451; also Qaitbay allows refurbishment of Sepulchre 1.600–2; town, Obadiah on Jerusalem Jews 1487: Peters, Jerusalem 475–7. Al-Ghawry: Carl F. Petry, ‘Late Mamluk Military Institutions and Innovation’, in CHE 1.479–89. Rise of Ottomans: Caroline Finkel, Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923 (henceforth Finkel) 83–4.

PART SEVEN: OTTOMAN

1 Selim the Grim. Fall of Mamluk Sultan Ghawri: Petry, CHE 1.479–89. Rise of Ottomans – taking the city, desire of all possessors, wars, possession of Padishah Sultan: Evliya Celebi, Evliya Tshelebi’s Travels in Palestine (henceforth Evliya) 55–9 and 85; Evliya Celebi, An Ottoman Traveller 317. Selim’s rise, character, death: Finkel 83–4.

2 Suleiman, walls, gates, fountains, citadel: this account is based on Sylvia Auld and Robert Hillenbrand (eds), Ottoman Jerusalem: The Living City, 1517–1917 (OJ: volume one unless otherwise stated). Amnon Cohen, ‘1517–1917 Haram al-Sherif: The Temple Mount under Ottoman Rule’, in Sacred Esplanade 211–16. Bahat, Atlas 118–22. Citadel and Haram, Suleiman’s dream, Sinan in charge of works, beauty of Suleiman’s works: Evliya 63–75; Evliya Celebi, An Ottoman Traveller 323–7 including Suleiman dreams and Sinan. Roxelana waqf: Dror Zeevi, An Ottoman Century: The District of Jerusalem in the 1600s 27. Sultan’s Pool, Archeological Park 128. Hawari, OJ 493–518. Fountains: OJ 2 and 2.15. Planned visit 1553 of Suleiman: OJ 2.709–10. Fountains: Khadr Salameh, ‘Aspects of the Sijills of the Shari’a Court in Jerusalem’, in OJ 103–43. Suleiman fountains, population Haram: OJ 4–8. Spolia in Jaffa Gate: Boas, Jerusalem 52. Suleiman and Roxelana, political ethos: Finkel 115–18, 129–30; 133, 144–5, 148–50. Solomon of his age, politics, imperial projection: David Myres, ‘An Overview of the Islamic Architecture of Ottoman Jerusalem’, OJ 325–54. Abraham Castro, gates, Sinan planner, Archeological Park 8. Walls, second Solomon: Yusuf Natsheh, ‘The Architecture of Ottoman Jerusalem’, in OJ 583–655. Urban renewal, number of tiles, and Dome/al-Aqsa: Beatrice St Laurent, ‘Dome of the Rock: Restorations and Significance, 1540–1918’, in OJ 415–21. Khassaki Sultan project: OJ 747–73. David Myres, ‘Al-Imara al-Amira: The Khassaki Sultan 1552’, in OJ 539–82. Ottoman style: Hillenbrand, OJ 15–23. Hereditary architect dynasty of al-Nammar: Mahmud Atallah, ‘The Architects in Jerusalem in the 10th–11th/16th–17th Centuries’, in OJ 159–90.

Jewish Jerusalem: Selim, Suleiman reigns, sees Wailing Wall as place of worship – in 1488 Rabbi Obadiah does not mention Western Wall as site of prayer but Rabbi Israel Ashkenazi in 1520 says he prayed there and by 1572 Rabbi Isaac Luria was praying there: Miriam Frenkel, ‘The Temple Mount in Jewish Thought’, in Sacred Esplanade 351. Rabbi Moses of Basola, in Peters, Jerusalem 483–7; House of Pilate, one synagogue, David Reubeni of Arabia 490–2; population 484. Asali, Jerusalem 204. Yusuf Said al-Natsheh, ‘Uninventing the Bab al-Khalil Tombs: Between the Magic of Legend and Historical Fact’, JQ 22–3, Autumn/Winter 2005.