Jerusalem: The Biography

6 1808 fire, Suleiman Pasha conquest: Hawari, OJ 499–500. Rafeq, OJ 29. Pappe 49–50. Suleiman and Sultan Mehmet II restore Dome tiles: Salameh, OJ 103–43. Suleiman Pasha builds Iwan al-Mahmud II, pavilion, restores Maqam al-Nabi, Nabi Daoud 1817, see Hillenbrand, OJ 14. Peters, Jerusalem 582. Cohen, Sacred Esplanade 216–26.

7 Caroline and Hester: thanks to Kirsten Ellis for generously sharing her unpublished research on Hester and Caroline. First visit of Montefiore: Moses and Judith Montefiore, Diaries of Sir Moses and Lady Montefiore (henceforth Montefiore) 36–42. Abigail Green, Moses Montefiore: Jewish Liberator, Imperial Hero (henceforth Green) 74–83. Alphonse de Lamartine, Travels in the East Including Journey to the Holy Land 78–88. Pappe 60–65.

8 Disraeli: Jane Ridley, Young Disraeli 79–97. On his various pedigrees, fantasies of Jewish settlement in conversations with Edward Stanley and his possible authorship of pre-Zionist memorandum 1878 ‘Die jüdische Frage in der orientalischen Frage’: Minna Rozen, ‘Pedigree Remembered, Reconstructed, Invented: Benjamin Disraeli between East and West’, in M. Kramer (ed.), The Jewish Discovery of Islam 49–75. Disraeli’s 1857 pre-Zionist ideas of Rothschilds buying Palestine for Jews: Niall Ferguson, World’s Banker: A History of the House of Rothschild (henceforth Ferguson) 418–22 and 1131. Pappe 66–76. Jewish life: Tudor Parfitt, Jews of Palestine 1800–1882 ch. 2. Tuchman 220–3.

9 Mehmet Ali/Ibrahim Pasha: Finkel 427, 422–46, 428. Rogan 66–83. On Mehmet Ali regime: Khaled Fahmy in CHE 2.139–73. Pappe 66–76. Philip Mansel, Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean 63–90. William Brown Hodgson, An Edited Biographical Sketch of Mohammed Ali, Pasha of Egypt, Syria, and Arabia. Rafek, OJ 31–2. Judith M. Rood, ‘The Time the Peasants Entered Jerusalem: The Revolt against Ibrahim Pasha in the Islamic Court Sources’, JQ 27, Summer 2006. Judith M. Rood, ‘Intercommunal Relations in Jerusalem during Egyptian Rule 1934–41’, JQ 32, Autumn 2007 and JQ 34, Spring 2009. Jews and synagogues – Y. Ben-Arieh, Jerusalem in the 19th Century, 25–30; Ibrahim and fellahin revolt 67–70. Holy Fire: R. Curzon, Visits to the Monasteries of the Levant 192–204. Restoration of Hurva and four Sephardic synagogues: Goldhill, City of Longing 169. Montefiore, meetings with Muhammad Ali/1839 visit: Montefiore 177–87; Green ch. 6. Thomsons in Jerusalem, baby and book: Oren, Power 121–5. Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault, Jérusalem 177–204.

10 On Shaftesbury, Palmerston, James Finn and return of Jews, Christian Zionism: David Brown, Palmerston: A Biography on Mehmet Ali crisis 211–37; on religion and Shaftesbury 416–21; Norman Bentwich and John M. Shaftesley, ‘Forerunners of Zionism in the Christian Era’, in Remember the Days: Essays on Anglo-Jewish History Presented to Cecil Roth 207–40. Green 88–9. Tuchman 175–207. Shaftesbury/British interest: Wasserstein 26–9; on the consuls and Anglo-Prussian bishopric 29 and 34–7. Rise of British power: Gilbert, Rebirth 14–27, 42–5. M. Vereté, ‘Why was a British Consulate Established in Jerusalem?’, English Historical Review 75 (1970) 342–5. M. Vereté, ‘The restoration of the Jews in English Protestant Thought, 1790–1840’, Middle Eastern Studies 8 (1972) 4–50.

Ruth Kark, American Consuls in the Holy Land (henceforth Kark) on US missionaries 26–9 on nature of Jerusalem consulates 55, 110–11; on consuls 128–90; on Livermore and American millenarians, quote by US consul in Beirut 212–27, 307–10. On Lieutenant Lynch: Silberman 51–62. James Finn as evangelist, and wife daughter of evangelist, character, brave, tactless, Diness scandal: James and Elizabeth Finn, View from Jerusalem, 1849–58: The Consular Diary of James and Elizabeth Anne Finn (henceforth Finn diaries) 28–35 and 51; blood libel 107–15. Consular rivalries and pretensions: Finn 2.141, 2:221. Shaftesbury, Finn and Gawler’s Hebraism/evangelism: Green 214–19 and 232–3. Return of patriarchs: Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault, Jérusalem 177–204.