Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

42. Though the United States has the world’s highest GDP, it falls in 13th place in happiness (Helliwell, Layard, & Sachs 2016), 8th in the UN’s Human Development Index (Roser 2016h), and 19th in the Social Progress Index (Porter, Stern, & Green 2016). Recall that social transfers boost the Human Development Index up to around 25–30 percent of GDP (Prados de la Escosura 2015); the United States allocates around 19 percent.

43. Visions of the left and right: Pinker 2002/2016; Sowell 1987, chap. 16.

44. The problems with predictions: Gardner 2010; Mellers et al. 2014; Silver 2015; Tetlock & Gardner 2015; Tetlock, Mellers, & Scoblic 2017.

45. N. Silver, “Why FiveThirtyEight Gave Trump a Better Chance Than Almost Anyone Else,” FiveThirtyEight, Nov. 11, 2016, http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-fivethirtyeight-gave-trump-a-better-chance-than-almost-anyone-else/.

46. Tetlock & Gardner 2015, p. 68.

47. Tetlock & Gardner 2015, p. 69.

48. Active open-mindedness: Baron 1993.

49. Tetlock 2015.

50. Increasing political polarization: Pew Research Center 2014.

51. Data from the General Social Survey, http://gss.norc.org, compiled in Abrams 2016.

52. Abrams 2016.

53. Political orientations of college faculty: Eagen et al. 2014; Gross & Simmons 2014; E. Schwitzgebel, “Political Affiliations of American Philosophers, Political Scientists, and Other Academics,” Splintered Mind, http://schwitzsplinters.blogspot.hk/2008/06/political-affiliations-of-american.html. See also N. Kristof, “A Confession of Liberal Intolerance,” New York Times, May 7, 2016.

54. Liberal tilt of journalism: In 2013, the ratio of Democrats to Republicans among American journalists was four to one, though a majority were Independent (50.2 percent) or Other (14.6 percent); Willnat & Weaver 2014, p. 11. A recent content analysis suggests that newspapers slant a bit to the left, but so do their readers; Gentzkow & Shapiro 2010.

55. Social forces congenial to liberals versus conservatives: Sowell 1987.

56. Intellectual liberals at the forefront: Grayling 2007; Hunt 2007.

57. We are all liberals: Courtwright 2010; Nash 2009; Welzel 2013.

58. Political bias in science: Jussim et al. 2017. Political bias in medicine: Satel 2000.

59. Duarte et al. 2015.

60. “Look different but think alike”: from the civil liberties lawyer Harvey Silverglate.

61. Duarte et al. 2015 includes thirty-three commentaries, many critical but all respectful, and the authors’ response. The Blank Slate won prizes from two divisions of the American Psychological Association.

62. N. Kristof, “A Confession of Liberal Intolerance,” New York Times, May 7, 2016; N. Kristof, “The Liberal Blind Spot,” New York Times, May 28, 2016.

63. J. McWhorter, “Antiracism, Our Flawed New Religion,” Daily Beast, July 27, 2015.

64. Illiberalism on campus and social justice warriors: Lukianoff 2012, 2014; G. Lukianoff & J. Haidt, “The Coddling of the American Mind,” The Atlantic, Sept. 2015; L. Jussim, “Mostly Leftist Threats to Mostly Campus Speech,” Psychology Today blog, Nov. 23, 2015, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/rabble-rouser/201511/mostly-leftist-threats-mostly-campus-speech.

65. Public shaming: D. Lat, “The Harvard Email Controversy: How It All Began,” Above the Law, May 3, 2010, http://abovethelaw.com/2010/05/the-harvard-email-controversy-how-it-all-began/.

66. Stalinesque investigations: Dreger 2015; L. Kipnis, “In Her Own Words: Title IX Inquisition at Northwestern,” TheFire.org, https://www.thefire.org/in-her-own-words-laura-kipnis-title-ix-inquisition-at-northwestern-video/; see also note 64 above.

67. Unintended comedy: G. Lukianoff & J. Haidt, “The Coddling of the American Mind,” The Atlantic, Sept. 2015; C. Friedersdorf, “The New Intolerance of Student Activism,” The Atlantic, Nov. 9, 2015; J. M. Moyer, “University Yoga Class Canceled Because of ‘Oppression, Cultural Genocide,’” Washington Post, Nov. 23, 2015.

68. Comedians are not amused: G. Lukianoff & J. Haidt, “The Coddling of the American Mind,” The Atlantic, Sept. 2015; T. Kingkade, “Chris Rock Stopped Playing Colleges Because They’re ‘Too Conservative,’” Huffington Post, Dec. 2, 2014. See also the 2015 documentary, Can We Take a Joke?

69. Diversity of opinions within academia: Shields & Dunn 2016.

70. The earliest version was expressed by Samuel Johnson; see G. O’Toole, “Academic Politics Are So Vicious Because the Stakes Are So Small,” Quote Investigator, Aug. 18, 2013, http://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/08/18/acad-politics/.

71. Extremist, antidemocratic Republicans: Mann & Ornstein 2012/2016.

72. Cynicism about democracy: Foa & Mounk 2016; Inglehart 2016.