Step by Step in Esperanto

135. In Esperanto, as in English, the suffix -IST means person habitually occupied with (engaged or employed in, concerned or connected with) the subject denoted by the root (usually, though not necessarily, by profession): an -er, ‑ian, ‑ist, ‑man, ‑or (in this sense). Thus, from floro, instruas, we get floristo, florist; instruisto, teacher; from afero, affair, business, we get aferisto, man of affairs, business man; from dento, tooth, dentisto, dentist; from maro, maristo, sailor.

136. (a) Aŭt(omobil)isto, gitaristo, harpisto. Similarly: ideal- (literatur-okul-orgen-skrib-telefon‑)isto. Art-(bilard-futbal-golf-kriket-sport-tenis‑)isto.

(b) Bee-keeper, cooper (barel), flautist, fruiterer, gardener, historian, hedger, hosier, instrumentalist, jeweller, linguist, milkman, musician, pianist, politician. A man who deals with bottles (candles, furniture, machines, shoes).

(c) Futbalo (golfo, kriketo, teniso) estas ludo. Lando (urbo, strato, insulo, kriketkampo) estas loko (place). Plano de loko estas mapo. Stel-(lun-strat-urb‑)mapo. Mapo de la mondo. Mar-akv-(best-bild-bird-kant-map-skolt‑)o.

137. Unu Esperantisto: propagando. Du Esperantistoj: gazeto (magazine). Tri Esperantistoj: du gazetoj!

“Adolfo estas pianisto. Samuelo estas flutisto, Mateo violonisto, Haroldo trumpetisto, kaj Arturo tamburisto (drummer). Do muziko estas en la familio.” “Nu, vi — kio vi estas?” “Mi? Ho, mi estas pesimisto!”

Combination of Suffixes

138. When several suffixes come together, get the meaning by working backwards from right to left. Thus: akompan-ist-ino (in ist akompan) = a lady who habitually accompanies, a lady accompanist. Bov-in-isto (ist in bov), one occupied with female oxen, a cow-keeper. Kokinistino, a hen-keeper-ess; (kok-ino, kokin-isto, kokinist-ino).

139. (a) Repeat 136 (ab) in the feminine, thus: aferistino, business-woman; telefonistino, telephone-girl; ĉambristino, chamber-maid; etc.

(b) Repeat eight words from 136 with ‑edzino, ‑inedzo, thus: okulistedzino, oculist’s wife; okulistinedzo, lady oculis’s husband.

«-id»

140. The suffix -ID =

(1) son, child, young (of human beings, or other animals, or even plants). Amikido (= amik-infano), a friend’s child. Fratido = nevo. Hundido, puppy. Arbido, seedling-tree.

(2) Offspring, issue, descendant (in general, irrespective of age, not merely son or daughter). Napoleonido, a descendant of Napoleon. Cp. kid, breed, Israelite, Leonid (shooting star radiating from Leo).

141. (a) Use ‑ido and ‑idino after roots in 14(a) (b), and translate.

(b) Poet’s child, calf, baby-mouse, young-alligator, tiger-cub. The cat mews to the kitten.

(c) Elefant-isto, ‑istino, ‑istinedzo, ‑istido, ‑istidedzino, ‑inisto, ‑idino, ‑idistino, ‑idinisto. Such long compounds are abnormal: they are given merely as an exercise in word-building.

142. Translate the roots anas (duck), anser (goose), azen (donkey), ĉeval, kapr (goat), lup, pav (peacock), ran (frog), ŝaf, vulp (fox), followed by -o, ‑ino, ‑ido, ‑idino.

143. (a) Viranaso, viransero, virkapro, sinjorido, fiŝidino.

(b) La familio de la kato. La filo de la kato estas la … La edzino … La filino …

The Sound «aj»

144. The sound of AJ (AH^ee) is that of the English word I (y in my, ai in aisle, ay in Ay, ay, Sir). We have already met it in the word kaj. Like oj (37), it is a diphthong.

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fajro,fire;najbaro,neighbour;pajlo,straw;salajro,salary;tajdo,tide;tajloro,tailor.