У мужчин полипы встречаются в два раза чаще: “What Are Nasal Polyps?” WebMD, 2014. http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nasal-polyps-symptoms-and-treatments
Носовые полипы также могут быть связаны: “Nasal Polyps: Risk factors,” Mayo Clinic, March 8, 2014. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nasal-polyps/basics/risk-factors/con-20023206
Связь полипов с назальной аллергией: “What Are Nasal Polyps?” WebMD, 2014. http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nasal-polyps-symptoms-and-treatments
Страница 79
От 10 до 15 % американцев: Pnina Weiss and Kenneth Rundell, “Imitators of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction,” Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 2009.
Страница 80
При аллергической астме, когда иммунная система реагирует: Jenna Murdoch and Clare Lloyd, “Chronic Inflammaton and Asthma,” Mutat Res, August 7, 2010, 690 (1–2): 24–39.
У некоторых людей с аллергией на еду и лекарства: “Allergies and Asthma: They Often Occur Together,” Mayo Clinic, February 13, 2016. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/in-depth/allergies-and-asthma/art-20047458 “Medications May Trigger Asthma Symptoms,” aaaai.org. http://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/asthma-library/medications-that-can-trigger-asthma-symptoms
Примерно половина всех взрослых с астмой: “Prevention of Allergy and Allergic Asthma,” World Health Organization, January 8–9, 2002. http://www.who.int/respiratory/publications/WHO_NMH_MNC_CRA_03.2.pdf
От 80 до 90 % детей-астматиков: K. C. Barnes, “Genetic Studies of the Etiology of Asthma,” Proc Am Thorac Soc, May 2011, 8 (2): 143–148. J. Kiley et al, “Asthma Phenotypes,” Curr Opin Pulm Med, January 2007, 13 (1): 19–23. R. A. Mathias, “Introduction to Genetics and Genomics in Asthma: Genetics of Asthma,” Adv Exp Med Biol, 2014, 795: 125–155. J. W. Mims, “Asthma: Definitions and Pathophysiology,” Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, September 2015, 5 (Suppl. 1): S2–S6.
К 40 годам риск развития астмы: “The Allergy Report,” 2000, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. http://www.aaaai.org
Женщины чаще умирают от астмы: “Asthma,” CDC, May 3, 2016. http://www.cdc.gov/asthma
Гормонозаместительная терапия: Heather Hatfield, “The Impact of Female Hormones on Asthma,” WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/asthma/features/asthma-women European Lung Foundation, “HRT Therapy Appears to Increase Risk of Hospitalization from Severe Asthma Attacks, Research Suggests,” ScienceDaily, September 27, 2011.
Страница 81
Если вы страдаете сенной лихорадкой или другим видом аллергии: “Asthma Risk Factors,” American Lung Association.
Попросите своего лечащего врача: “Asthma Control Test,” asthma.com, 2015. http://www.asthma.com/additional-resources/asthma-control-test.html
Дети часто перерастают: “Asthma Risk Factors,” WebMD, 2016. http://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-risk-factors
Страница 82
Препараты длительного действия: National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, “Expert Panel Report III: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma,” Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2007. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/resources/lung/naci/discover/corticosteriods.htm, www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm
Страница 83
Существуют многочисленные доказательства: Diarmuid M. McNicholl et al, “Omalizumab: The Evidence for Its Place in the Treatment of Allergic Asthma,” Core Evid, June 2008, 3 (1): 55–66.
Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия (АСИТ): M. J. Abramson et al, “Injection Allergen Immunotherapy for Asthma,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010, 8, article number CD001186. P. S. Norman, “Immunotherapy: 1999–2004,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2004, 113 (6): 1013.
Страница 84
Удивительно, но отчеты показывают: “Asthma Self-Management Education by Age, U.S., 2008,” National Health Interview Survey, as it appears on the CDC website. http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/asthma/
Страница 85
Считается, что анафилаксия затрагивает около 2 % населения: Gwen Smith, “Risk of Anaphylaxis Now 1 in 50 People,” AllergicLiving, http://www.allergicliving.com/2013/11/19/risk-of-anaphylaxis-now-1-in-50-people/
Выявлено 8 % респондентов: Robert Wood et al, “Anaphylaxis in America: The Prevalence and Characteristics of Anaphylaxis in the United States,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, February 2014. http://www.aafa.org/media/Anaphylaxis-in — America-JACI-Article-2014.pdf
В редких случаях анафилаксия: Robert Wood et al, “Anaphylaxis in America: The Prevalence and Characteristics of Anaphylaxis in the United States,” J Allergy Clin Immunol, February 2014. http://www.aafa.org/media/Anaphylaxis-in-America-JACI-Article-2014.pdf
Страница 86
Люди с аллергией или астмой: “Anaphylaxis Risk Factors,” Mayo Clinic, January 16, 2013. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/basics/risk-factors/con-20014324
Страница 87
До 50 миллионов тучных клеток: J. Y. Niederkorn, ed., “Immune Response and the Eye”. Basel: Karger, 2007.