16. Von Staden, E. (1989), Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 26; Lang, P. (2013), Medicine and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt (Leiden: Brill), p. 258.
17. French, R. (2003), Medicine Before Science: The Business of Medicine from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 30–31.
18. Boudon-Millot, V. (2012), Galien de Pergame (Paris: Les Belles Lettres).
19. Gill, C., et al. (2009), in C. Gill, et al. (eds.), Galen and the World of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 1–18, p. 6.
20. Gleason, M. (2009), in C. Gill, et al. (eds.), Galen and the World of Knowledge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 85–114, p. 112; Rocca, J. (2003), Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century A.D. (Leiden: Brill).
21. Цитаты приводятся по: Gleason (2009), pp. 99–102.
22. Gleason (2009), p. 100.
23. Al-Khalili, J. (2010), Pathfinders: The Golden Age of Arab Science (London: Allen Lane).
24. Frampton, M. (2008), Embodiments of Will: Anatomical and Physiological Theories of Voluntary Animal Motion from Greek Antiquity to the Latin Middle Ages, 400 BC – AD 1300 (Saarbruck: Verlag Dr. Muller), p. 370.
25. Micheau, F. (1994), in C. Burnett and D. Jacquart (eds.), Constantine the African and ‘Alī ibn al-‘Abbas Magˇusī: The Pantegni and Related Texts (London: Brill), p. 15. См. Kwakkel, E. and Newton, S. (2019) Medicine at Monte Cassino: Constantine the African and the Oldest Manuscript of his Pantegni (Turnhout: Brepols).
26. Эта и последующие цитаты из: Frampton (2008), pp. 335, 339.
27. Green, C. (2003), Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 39:131–42.
28. Van der Eijk, P. (2008), The Lancet 372:440–41; Green (2003). Другим предполагаемым источником теории локализации желудочков был писатель по имени Посидоний, о котором мало что известно.
29. Manzoni, T. (1998), Archives Italiennes de Biologie 136:103–52.
30. Frampton (2008), p. 372.
31. Там же, p. 381.
32. French (2003), p. 113.
33. Savage-Smith, E. (1995), Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 50:67 110.
34. Frampton (2008), pp. 383–6.
35. Berengario da Carpi, J. (1521), Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super Anatomia Mundini una cum textu ejusdem in pristinum & verum nitorem redacto (Bologna: de Benedictis).
36. Dryander, J. (1536), Anatomia capitis humani (Marpurg: Cervicorni).
37. Catani, M. and Sandrone, S. (2015), Brain Renaissance from Vesalius to Modern Neuroscience (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
38. Fleck, L. (1979), Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (London: University of Chicago Press), p. 141.
39. Беренгарио да Карпи пришел к такому же выводу более двадцати лет назад. Pranghofer, S. (2009), Medical History 53:561–86.
40. Catani and Sandrone (2015), pp. 153–4.
41. Эта цитата и цитата в следующем абзаце из: Catani and Sandrone (2015), pp. 49, 98, 48.
42. Эта и следующая цитата из: Du Laurens, A. (1599), A Discourse of the Preservation of the Sight: of Melancholike Diseases; of Rheumes, and of Old Age (London: Kingston, Iacson), pp. 3, 77.
43. Подробное обсуждение того, как английские авторы XVII века исследовали вопрос о функции мозга: Habinek, L. (2018), The Subtle Knot: Early Modern English Literature and the Birth of Neuroscience (London: McGill – Queen’s University Press). Similar books could be written focusing on writers in other languages.
2. Силы. XVII–XVIII века
1. Steno, N. (1669), Discours de Monsieur Stenon, sur l’Anatomie du Cerveau (Paris: de Ninville).