Jerusalem: The Biography

14 End of Crimean War, 1850s: Finkel 457–60. Elon, Jerusalem 70–1. Gilbert, Rebirth 67–9, 83–6. Finn 1.2–4, 78, 2.452. Ben-Arieh, 66–8. Hopwood, Russian Presence 1–49. Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault, Jérusalem 177–204. Gilbert, Rebirth 51. Figes 415–16; Montefiore Balaclava Railway 418; brawl 464–5.

15 Montefiore: all quotations unless otherwise stated are from the Diaries. Green 176–94, 227, 35–53, 59; fifth visit 1857 63–9; Montefiore windmill and almshouses 1860 109–16; death of Judith 140; sixth visit 1866 171–86; Jerusalem views 338; awning for Wailing Wall and removal of slaughterhouse 332–3; pre-Zionist views, Jewish empire 320; negotiations with Ottomans 324. Rothschilds: Montefiore missions funded; Disraeli comment; reluctance to involve in Jordan; Ferguson, 418–422, and 1131. Melville on Montefiore, ‘this Croesus – a huge man of 75’: Melville, Journals 91–4. Hurva Synagogue: Gilbert, Rebirth 98–100. Ben-Arieh, 42–4. Visits and tensions: Finn diaries 197, 244; Montefiore and Col Gawlon Jewish settlements: Green 50–9.

Flaubert, Notes de voyage 19. Brown, Flaubert 231–9, 247, 256–61; also Elon, Jerusalem 37 and 139–41. Flaubert on Du Camp official mission: W. B. Lincoln, Nicholas I, war and death 340–50. Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image’ 181–91.

16 Archaeologists and emperors, spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65. Robinson: Silberman 37–47, 63–72; Wilson 79–85; Warren 88–99; British Palestine Archaeology 79, 86, 113–27; Bliss on Mount Zion 147–60; German archaeology 165–70. French: Ben-Arieh, 169; frenzy to identify biblical sites 183–5. Saulcy: Goldhill, City of Longing 216. Gilbert, Rebirth, on Robinson and Smith xxii, 4–7 and 65–7; on Warren 128–35; Jewish principality a separate kingdom guaranteed by the Great Powers 128–32. American missionaries and archaeologists, Robinson: Oren, Power 135–7; U. S. Grant and American visitors 236–8. Lane Fox, Unauthorized Version 216–19. Kark on Robinson 29–30. Obenzinger, American Palestine, on Titus Tobler 253. Ben-Arieh, 183–5. Ruth Hummel, ‘Imperial Pilgrim: Franz Josef’s Journey to the Holy Land in 1869’, in M. Wrba (ed.), Austrian Presence in the Holy Land 158–77. Russians: Simon Dixon, ‘A Stunted International: Russian Orthodoxy in the Holy Land in the 19th Century’, draft paper. Romanov pilgrimages: N. N. Lisovoy and P. V. Stegniy, Rossiya v Svyatoy Zemle: Dokumenty i materialy 1.125–7; Grand Duke Constantine 1859 visit 128–35. Hopwood, Russian Presence, Grand Duke Constantine 51. Russian pilgrims: Bertha Spafford Vester, Our Jerusalem (henceforth Vester) 86–7. Spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65.

British, American and German archaeology, Silberman 113–27; 147–53–70; Moabite Stone 100–12; Moses Shapira 131–40. Americans: Obenzinger, American Palestine, 161. Consuls and Selah Merrill: Kark 128–30 and 323–5. British royals: Gilbert, Rebirth 109–14 and 177–80. Rider Haggard, A Winter Pilgrimage 267. Edward Lear in Elon, Jerusalem 142; 1881 Crown Prince Rudolf 144–5. Kitchener/ Gordon: Gilbert, Rebirth 187. Pollock, Kitchener: Saviour of the Realm 29–37 and 31. Kitchener photographs Muristan, in Boas, Jerusalem 160. Gordon in Goldhill, City of Longing 21; Elon, Jerusalem 147; Grabar, 16.

17 1860–9: Hummel, ‘Imperial Pilgrims’ 158–77. Russians: Dixon, ‘A Stunted international.’ Lisovoy and Stegniy, Rossiya v Svyatoy Zemle 1.125–45. Hopwood, Russian Presence 51. Vester 86–7. Wasserstein 50–65.

18 Edward W. Blyden, From West Africa to Palestine 9–12 on Jerusalem mind; arrival 165; Holy Sepulchre 166; Bible in hand 170; black Muslims 180; Wall 280–3; second coming 199. Obenzinger, American Palestine 161–2; Blyden and Dorr 227–47. Mark Twain, Mediterranean Hotel and Ariel Sharon: see Haaretz 15 July 2008. Quotations from Mark Twain, The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrims’ Progress. Green: Judith Montefiore 140; visit 1866, 171–86; views 338; awning for Wailing Wall and removal of slaughterhouse; 332–3. U. S. Grant, Twain, Lincoln: Oren, Power 189, 236–8, 239–47. On archaeology, picturesque visions, new travel: Mazower Salonica 205–21.