Создатели искусственного гения. О бунтарях, которые наделили интеллектом Google, Facebook и весь мир

148 Cade Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”, Wired, May 19, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/

149 Archived “Diaries” from Elixir, https://archive.kontek.net/republic.strategyplanet.gamespy.com/d1.shtml.

150 Там же.

151 Там же.

152 Там же.

153 Там же.

154 Там же.

155 Там же.

156 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

157 Demis Hassabis, Dharshan Kumaran, Seralynne D. Vann, and Eleanor A. Maguire, “Patients with hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 5 (2007): pp. 1726–1731.

158 “Breakthrough of the Year”, Science, December 21, 2007.

159 Shane Legg, “Machine Super Intelligence”, PhD dissertation, University of Lugano, June 2008, http://www.vetta.org/documents/Machine_Super_Intelligence.pdf

160 Там же.

161 Там же.

162 Hal Hodson, “DeepMind and Google: The Battle to Control Artificial Intelligence”, 1843 Magazine, April/May 2019, https://www.1843magazine.com/features/deepmind-and-google-the-battle-to-control-artificial-intelligence

163 Там же.

164 “A systems neuroscience approach to building AGI – Demis Hassabis, Singularity Summit 2010”, https://youtu.be/Qgd3OK5DZWI

165 Там же.

166 “Measuring machine intelligence – Shane Legg, Singularity Summit”, YouTube, https://youtu.be/0ghzG14dT-w

167 Там же.

168 Там же.

169 Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”.

170 Там же.

171 Там же.

172 Hodson, “DeepMind and Google: The Battle to Control Artificial Intelligence”.

173 Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 2010), p. 14.

174 Там же, с. 186.

175 John Markoff, “Computer Wins on ‘Jeopardy!’: Trivial, It’s Not”, New York Times,” February. 16, 2011.

176 Volodymyr Mnih, Koray Kavukcuoglu, David Silver, et al., “Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning”, Nature, 2015.

177 Samuel Gibbs, “Google buys UK artificial intelligence startup Deepmind for £400m”, The Guardian, January 27, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/27/google-acquires-uk-artificial-intelligence-startup-deepmind

178 “Facebook Buys into Machine Learning”, Neil Lawrence blog and video, https://inverseprobability.com/2013/12/09/facebook-buys-into-machine-learning

179 Там же.

180 Там же.

181 Cade Metz, “Facebook ‘open sources’ custom server and data center designs”, The Register, April 7, 2011, https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/04/07/facebook_data_center_unveiled/

182 Cade Metz, “Google Just Open Sourced TensorFlow, Its Artificial Intelligence Engine”, Wired, November 9, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/11/google-open-sources-its-artificial-intelligence-engine/

183 John Markoff, “Scientists See Promise in Deep-Learning Programs Image”, New York Times, November 23, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/24/science/scientists-see-advances-in-deep-learning-a-part-of-artificial-intelligence.html

184 DeepMind Technologies Limited Report and Financial Statements Year Ended, December 31, 2017.

185 Ashlee Vance, “The Race to Buy the Human Brains Behind Deep Learning Machines”, Bloomberg Business Week, January 27, 2014, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-27/the-race-to-buy-the-human-brains-behind-deep-learning-machines

186 Daniela Henrnandez, “Man Behind the ‘Google Brain’ Joins Chinese Search Giant Baidu”, Wired, May 16, 2014.

187 John Tierney, “24 Miles, 4 Minutes and 834 M.P.H., All in One Jump”, New York Times, October 14, 2012, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/us/felix-baumgartner-skydiving.html

188 John Markoff, “Parachutist’s Record Fall: Over 25 Miles in 15 Minutes”, New York Times, October 24, 2014.

189 Google Annual Report, 2013, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000128877614000020/goog2013123110-k.htm.

190 Jack Clark, “Google Turning Its Lucrative Web Search Over to AI Machines”, Bloomberg News, October 26, 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-26/google-turning-its-lucrative-web-search-over-to-ai-machines

191 Там же.

192 Cade Metz, “AI Is Transforming Google Search. The Rest of the Web Is Next”, Wired, February 4, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/02/ai-is-changing-the-technology-behind-google-searches/; Mike Isaac and Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Amit Singhal, Uber Executive Linked to Old Harassment Claim, Resigns”, New York Times, February 27, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html

193 Metz, “AI Is Transforming Google Search. The Rest of the Web Is Next”.

194 Jack Clarke, “Google Cuts Its Giant Electricity Bill with DeepMind-Powered AI”, Bloomberg News, July 19, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-19/google-cuts-its-giant-electricity-bill-with-deepmind-powered-ai

195 Там же.

196 Там же.

197 Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”, Working Paper, Oxford Martin School, September 2013, https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf