Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

•   -ka — the suffix forming nouns from numerals. For example, "petka" may denote a bus number 5, or grade of "five" signifying "excellent", or a five-dollar note ("fiver"), etc. Such nouns are practical with rather small numbers, up to 100.

unka — one

dwaka — two, deuce

trika — three

charka — four

petka — five…

shika — ten

shi-dwaka — dozen

dwashika — twenty

trishika — thirty

stoka — a hundred

•   -fen —forms fractions:

un (de) dwafen — one half

un trifen — one third

charfen — a quarter

sem shifen — seven tenths

tri stofen — three hundredths

pet otfen — five eighths.

Decimal fractions are pronounced with the help of the word koma (comma):

tri koma pet — 3,5

dwa koma semshi pet — 2,75

One can also say "dwa koma semshi pet stofen".

There is also a special word for "half":

haf — half

un e haf — one and a half

dwa e haf — two and a half

•   The suffix -ple:

dwaple — double

triple — triple

charple — quadruple, etc.

In the adverbial form it becomes -plem:

dwaplem — doubly

triplem — triply

•   A noun after a numeral is not pluralized:

pet jen — five men

tristo dolar — three hundred dollars

sem pes sukra — seven pieces of sugar

•   A composite modifier "numeral + noun of measure + adjective":

tri metra glube riva — a river three meters deep

Sey mur es dwa metra gao. — This wall is 2 meters high.

Govo, pagi-ney shi yar bak! — Trupa grauli. — Nu bu fai dela om osta kel es shi yar lao! — “A bull paid ten years ago!” the Pack snarled. “What do we care for bones ten years old?” Days of the week, months

Names for days of the week are compounds from a number and the particle 'di', Monday is counted as the first day:

undi — Monday

dwadi — Tuesday

tridi — Wednesday

chardi — Thursday

petdi — Friday

sitdi — Saturday

semdi — Sunday

Names for months are based on Latin ones, which are spread very widely. However, compounds ("month"+number) are also acceptable:

January — januar (mes-un)

February — februar (mes-dwa)

March — marto (mes-tri)

April — april (mes-char)

May — mey (mes-pet)

June — yuni (mes-sit)

July — yuli (mes-sem)

August — augusto (mes-ot)

September — septemba (mes-nin)

October — oktoba (mes-shi)

November — novemba (mes-shi-un)

December — desemba (mes-shi-dwa)

Possible ways of expressing the date:

Dey dwashi-un de mes-nin. — The twenty first of September.

Dey 21 mes 9 yar 1945. — The 21 September 1945. Word formation

LdP tends to keep words unchanged, so it basically uses either (hyphenated) particles or suffixes beginning with a consonant which are simply added to a word. We believe that this makes word structure clearer and understanding easier. Diminutive and augmentative particles and suffixes

There is an augmentative particle gro-, a diminutive particle -ki (these particles are hyphenated), an augmentative suffix "gron", and a diminutive suffix "kin".

The suffixes are used to make notions which qualitatively differ from the basic noun:

dom — house

domkin — a house that is inherently small (cabin, hut)

domgron — a house that is inherently large (mansion)

denta — tooth

dentagron — tusk

barela — barrel

barelakin — keg

As to the particles, they modify the meaning within the limits of a given quality; gro- is used before the modified word, -ki after it:

dom-ki — a little house

gro-dom — a big house.

The suffixes are used to form nouns only, while the particles may be used with different parts of speech:

gro-danke — thank you very much

gro-gran — huge

gro-gao — very high

lu gro-pi vodka kom akwa — he swills vodka like water

gro-chifan — to guzzle, overeat

zai gro-pluvi — it is pouring

zai pluvi-ki — it drizzles

treba chifan-ki — one should have a snack

somni-ki — to take a nap

It should be noted that there is also an intensifying adverb "gro", so that the mentioned phrases may also be constructed as: lu pi vodka gro, kom akwa; chifan gro; zai pluvi gro.

"Gro" expresses a greater extent of augmentation/intensification, than "muy" (very):

muy hao! — very well!

gro-hao! — great! excellent!

The particles may also be used with proper nouns:

Jon-ki — Johnny Particles NEY, SHE and their derivatives

ney — genitive particle; modifier-making particle; with verbs denotes passive participle; makes ordinal numerals. Ex.:

mata — mother

mata-ney klaida — mother's clothes

jen — man/woman

jen-ney — human

rude-fas-ney jen — red-faced person

gran-oko-ney gela — big-eyed girl

yu-oli-ney idea — the ideas of all of you

vidi — to see

vidi-ney — seen

tri-ney — third

nem — the adverbial form from -ney:

parta-ney — partial

parta-nem — partially, partly

un-ney — first

un-nem — at first, firstly

ofensi-ney — offended, resentful

ofensi-nem — resentfully

she — active participle marker:

ahfi — to hide, conceal

ahfi-she — hiding

respekti — to respect

respekti-she — respecting

shem — the adverbial form from -she:

respekti-she — respecting

respekti-shem — respectfully

ahfi-she — hiding

ahfi-shem — stealthily

dumi-she — thinking