Jerusalem: The Biography

The most recent account is Jonathan Phillips, The Second Crusade 207–27. On Louis and Eleanor: Ralph V. Turner, Eleanor of Aquitaine 70–98. Tyerman 329–37. Fourteen maps of Frankish Jerusalem, Boas, Jerusalem 39. Royal palace: Prawer, Latin Kingdom 110–11. On Church of Holy Sepulchre, this account and analysis is closely based on Riley-Smith, ‘Death and Burial of Latin Christian Pilgrims to Jerusalem and Acre, 1099–1291’, Crusades 7 (2008); Pringle; Folda, Crusader Art, Couasnon, Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 19–20; Kroyanker 40–3; Kenaan, Cathedra 2.325; Boas, Jerusalem 73–80; Runciman 3.370–2.

7 Baldwin III: character, William of Tyre 2.137–9; the account of his reign is based on 2.139–292; death and grief 2.292–4. Tyerman 206–8. Runciman 2.3.334, 2.242, 2.361–3; Ortuqids attack 2.337; Ascalon 2.337–58. Nur al-Din and Sunni revival: Qalinisi 64–8. Tyerman 268–73. Asbridge, Crusades 229–33. Nur al-Din polo: Phillips, Warriors 110. Hamilton A. R. Gibb, ‘The Career of Nur-ad-Din’, in Baldwin, First Hundred Years 513–27. On Andronicus: Bernard Hamilton, The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (henceforth Leper) 173–4.

8 Amaury and Agnes, sleaziness of Jerusalem politics: Leper 26–32. Tyerman 208–10. Amaury builds Royal Palace: Boas, Jerusalem 82. On Egyptian strategy/negotiations with Assassins: Leper 63–75. Five Egyptian invasions: Tyerman 347–58; Syrian doctors 212. Runciman 2.262–93; death of kings 2.398–400. Overmighty military orders – e.g. Hospitallers vs patriarch, William of Tyre 2.240–5; Templar disobedience to Amaury. Agnes married Reynard of Marash; engaged to Hugh of Ibelin; married Prince Amaury then Hugh of Ibelin then Reynard of Sidon, who divorced her; lovers allegedly included Amaury of Lusignan and Heraclius the Patiarch: Runciman 2.362–3, 407.

9 William of Tyre: life and link with Usamah’s library: Introduction, William of Tyre 1.4–37. Usamah’s books 44. Baldwin IV, leprosy: William of Tyre 2.397–8. Leper 26–32.

10 Moses Maimonides: this account is based on Joel L. Kraemer, Maimonides: The Life and World of One of Civilisation’s Greatest Minds; refusal to serve Crusader king probably between 1165 and 1171, 161; Jerusalem visit 134–41; Fatimid doctor 160–1; doctor of Qadi al-Fadil and then Saladin 188–92; al-Qadi al-Fadil 197–201; Saladin’s doctors 212 and 215; fame and court life – doctor of al-Afdal 446; Taki al-Din/sex life 446–8. Prawer, History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom 142. Did Maimonides pray in the Dome of the Rock?: Kedar and Pringle believe he did –Sacred Esplanade 133–49. Benjamin of Tudela on Jewish dyers, David’s Tomb and Alroy: see Wright, Early Travellers 83–6, 107–9. Michael Brenner, Short History of the Jews (henceforth Brenner), on Alroy 80; on Maimonides 90–92.

11 Books/Usamah, William of Tyre 1.4–37. Usamah, 44. Baldwin IV, leprosy: William of Tyre 2.397–8. Leper 26–32.

12 Baldwin IV. Death of Nur al-Din – al-Athir, in Gabrieli 68–70. William of Tyre, death of kings, 2.394–6; succession and symptoms 2.398–9. Along with William of Tyre, this is based on Leper 32–197; on leprosy see article by Dr Piers D. Mitchell in Leper 245–58. Heraclius and mistress, child: Continuation 43–5. Tyerman 216. Heraclius debauchery unfairly exaggerated – for a more positive view see B. Z. Kedar in Kedar, Mayer and Smail (eds), Outremer 177–204. W. L. Warren, King John: Heraclius’ tour and Prince John, 32–3. Burial of Baldwin V and sarcophagus: Boas, Jerusalem 180. Tyerman 210–13 and 358–65. Runciman 2.400–30. Reynard of Chatillon: Leper 104–5. Reynald raids Mecca caravan and takes Saladin’s sister: Continuation 29.