Jerusalem: The Biography

On Armenian settlement and rebuilding of St James’s Cathedral after 1141: Dorfmann-Lazarev, ‘Historical Itinerary of the Armenian People in Light of its Biblical Memory’. On Melisende building, settlement, Armenians under Crusades: Kevork Hintlian, History of the Armenians in the Holy Land 18–23 and 25–8. On Armenian settlement of refugees – thanks to George Hintlian. Armenian Quarter develops: Boas, Jerusalem 39. Crusader plans for Bab al-Silsila St Giles Church: author’s visit to Temple Tunnels, guided by Dan Bahat. Crusader churches on Bab al-Silsila: Burgoyne, Mamluk Jerusalem 443 and on site of Antonia 204–5. On Melisende Fulk regime: Tyerman 206–11. Runciman 2.233. On building: Grabar, Dome of Rock grille 167. On churches: see Pringle. Building – use of Citadel, spolia from al-Aqsa for Sepulchre: Boas, Jerusalem 73–80. Kedar and Pringle, Sacred Esplanade 133–49. Holy Sepulchre: Couasnon, Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem 19–20. Kroyanker 40–3. Kenaan, ‘Sculptured Lintels of the Crusader Church of the Holy Sepulchre’, in Cathedra 2.325.

Burial rites and shrines as theatre: Jonathan Riley-Smith, ‘The Death and Burial of Latin Christian Pilgrims to Jerusalem and Acre, 1099–1291’, Crusades 7 (2008): burial sites, holy places as stage-sets, including quote from Riley-Smith, on burial of Beckett’s murderers. Death in Jerusalem/Mamilla: Prawer, Latin Kingdom 184. Boas, Jerusalem 181–7, including Aceldama and burial on Temple Mount of Frederick, Advocate of Regensburg, died 1148; Conrad Schick found bones near Golden Gate. Archery practice, Boas, Jerusalem 163.

Psalter, arts: Prawer, Latin Kingdom 416–68. Runciman 3.383. See also J. Folda, Crusader Art: The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land, 1099–1291. Population and dress of military orders and Jerusalemites: Boas, 26–30 and 35–40. Tavern with chains: conversations with Dan Bahat. Life in Jerusalem, baths, Venetian and Genoese streets, poulains: Runciman 2.291–3.

Life and luxury, turbans, furs, burnous, baths, pork, Ibelin Beirut palace: Tyerman 235–40. Maps and vision of Jerusalem: fourteen maps of Frankish Jerusalem, eleven of them round, usually with the cartographic convention of the cross within a circle on the streets: Boas, Jerusalem 39 in royal palace on Cambrai map. Royal palace: Prawer, Latin Kingdom 110–11.

Sex and women on Crusade: Housley, Fighting for the Cross 174–7. Whores in Outremer – Imad al-Din quoted in Gabrieli 204–5. Muslims: Ali al-Harawi quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 381. Jews – visit of Judah Halevy: Brenner 88–90. Prawer, History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom 144. Selected Poems of Judah Halevi, trans. Nina Salaman; also see Peters, Jerusalem: 278.

Runciman 3.370–2. The traditions and calendar, pilgrims: Tyerman 341. Holy Fire – Daniel the Abbott quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 263–5, methesep and administration of city 301. Calendar and rituals: Boas, 30–2; 21–5; 32–5. Prawer, Latin Kingdom 97–102; True Cross 32–3; crown: 94–125. On True Cross: Imad quoted in Grabar, Shape of the Holy 136.

Golden Gate: Boas, 63–4; Crusader graves 182; Temple Mount 191–8. J. Fleming, Biblical Archaeology Review January–February 1969, 30. Shanks 84–5. Red tent of king: Runciman 2.458–9; Crusader style 3.368–83. Style and reuse of Herodian stones: Kroyanker 4, 37–43. Dome of Rock: Ali al-Harawi quoted in Peters, Jerusalem 318.

Zangi, character, deathbed witness, Asbridge, Crusades 225–7. Hamilton A. R. Gibb, ‘Zengi and the Fall of Edessa’, in M. W. Baldwin (ed.), The First Hundred Years, vol. 1 of K. M. Setton (ed. in chief), A History of the Crusades 449–63.

6 Second Crusade: Qalinisi quoted in Gabrieli 56–60; al-Athir 59–62. William of Tyre: on Eleanor and Raymond 2.180–1; on debacle of Damascus 2.182–96. Zangi’s character, death: Asbridge, Crusades 225–7. Gibb, ‘Zengi and the Fall of Edessa’, in Baldwin, First Hundred Years 449–63.