and the cosmos below. This last point is perhaps the most paradoxical, but
nevertheless it is exactly as it should be. For a three-dimensional body, such as is a
cosmos, the fourth dimension lies as much in the realm of very large magnitudes as in
the realm of very small magnitudes; as much in the realm of what is actually infinity
as in the realm of what is actually zero.
"Further we must understand that the three-dimensionality of even one and the same
body can be different. Only a six-dimensional body can be completely real. A fivedimensional body is only an incomplete view of a six-dimensional body, a fourdimensional body is an incomplete view of a five-dimensional body, a threedimensional body is an incomplete view of a four-dimensional body. And of course, a plane is an incomplete view of a three-dimensional body, that is to say, a view of one
side of it. In the same way a line is an incomplete view of a plane and a point is an
incomplete view of a line.
"Moreover, though we do not know how, a six-dimensional body can see itself as
three-dimensional. Somebody looking at it from outside may possibly also see it as a
three-dimensional body, but in a completely different kind of three-dimensionality.
For instance, we represent the earth to ourselves as three-dimensional. This threedimensionality is only imaginary. As a three-dimensional body the earth is something quite different for itself from what it is for us. Our view of it is incomplete, we see it as a section of a section of a section of its complete being. The 'earthly globe' is an
imaginary body. It is the section of a section of a section of the six-dimensional earth.
But this six-dimensional earth can also be three-dimensional for itself, only we do not
know and we can have no conception of the form in which the earth sees itself.
"The possibilities of the earth are actualized in the Ayocosmos; this means that in
the Ayocosmos the earth is a six-dimensional body. And actually we can to a certain
extent see in what way the form of the earth must change. In the Deuterocosmos, that
is, in relation to the sun, the earth is no longer a point (taking a point as a scale
reduction of a three-dimensional body), but a line which we trace as the path of the
earth around the sun. If we take the sun in the Macrocosmos, that is, if we visualize
the line of the sun's motion, then the line of the motion of the earth will become a
spiral encircling the line of the sun's motion. If we conceive a lateral motion of this
spiral, then this motion will construct a figure which we cannot imagine because we
do not know the nature of its motion, but which, nevertheless, will be the sixdimensional figure of the earth, which the earth itself can see as a three-dimensional figure. It is necessary to establish and to understand this because otherwise the idea of the three-dimensionality of the cosmoses will become linked with
our idea of three-dimensional bodies.
"And this last point seems to me to be connected with what G. calls the 'principle of relativity.' His principle of relativity has nothing in common with the principle of
relativity in mechanics or with Einstein's principle of relativity. It is the same again as in the
At this point I ended my survey of the system of cosmoses from the point of view
of the theory of many dimensions.
"There is a great deal of material in what you have just said," said G., "but this material must be elaborated. If you can find out how to elaborate the material that you
have now, you will understand a great deal that has not occurred to you till now. For
example, take note that
calculated exactly, that is, it is possible to establish exactly how time in one cosmos is related to the time of another cosmos.
"I will add only one thing more:
"Time is breath—try to understand this."
He said nothing further.
Later on one of G.'s Moscow pupils added to this that, speaking with them once of
cosmoses and of different time in different cosmoses, G. had said that the
G.'s lecture on cosmoses and the talk following it greatly aroused my curiosity.
This was a direct transition from the "three-dimensional universe" with which we had begun, to the problems which I had elaborated in the New
working for several years.
For over a year G. added nothing to what he had said about cosmoses.
Several of us tried to approach these problems from many different sides and,