Tolstoy

96. S. A. Tolstaya, Pis’ma k L. N. Tolstomu, 1862–1910, Moscow, 1936, 70.

97. Tolstaya, Pis’ma, 69.

98. Letopis’ 1, 384.

99. Zhdanov, Lyubov’ v zhizni Tolstogo, 144–146; Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Prometei, 165.

100. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Prometei, 161.

101. This was the servant given to Dmitry; he transferred to Tolstoy and went to the Caucasus with him in 1851.

102. JE 83, 179.

103. Andreas Kappeler, The Russian Empire: A Multiethnic History, tr. Alfred Clayton, London, 2001, 39–41.

104. JE 83, 190–192.

105. Tolstoy’s American visitor Eugene Schuyler had made the journey from Samara to Orenburg via Buzuluk in the spring of 1868, having stopped off in Kazan to meet his ageing uncle Vladimir, and published a colourful account entitled ‘On the Steppe’ in Hours at Home: A Popular Monthly Journal of Instruction and Recreation, vol. 4 (1869), issue 4, 319–330.

106. JE 83, 210.

107. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Prometei, 165.

108. JE 62, 47.

109. JE 62, 37.

110. JE 62, 38–39.

9 Novelist

1. S. L. Tolstoi, ‘Ob otrazhenii zhizni v “Anne Kareninoi”: Iz vospominanii’, Literaturnoe nasledstvo, 37/38, vol. 2 (Moscow, 1939), 567.

2. N. N. Gusev, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi. Materialy k biografii s 1870 po 1881 god [Gusev 3], Moscow, 1963, 124.

3. See Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, The Image of Peter the Great in Russian History and Thought, Oxford, 1985, 200.

4. S. Solov’ev, Petrovskie chteniya, St Petersburg, 1872.

5. Gusev 3, 17.

6. JE 61, 342–343, for example.

7. Musorgsky, letter to Stasov, June 1872, M. P. Musorgskii: pis’ma, Moscow, 1984, 100.

8. Gusev 3, 131.

9. JE 61, 349.

10. Gusev 3, 118.

11. E. Schuyler, Peter the Great: Emperor of Russia, 2 vols, New York, 1884.

12. See Peter Bridges, ‘Eugene Schuyler: The Only Diplomatist’, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 16 (2005), 13–22.

13. N. N. Gusev, Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva L. N. Tolstogo, 1828–1890, Moscow, 1958 [Letopis 1], 404.

14. See Barbara Alpern Engel, ‘Women, the Family and Public Life’, The Cambridge History of Russia, vol. 2: Imperial Russia, 1689–1917, ed. Dominic Lieven, Cambridge, 2006, 306–325.

15. S. A. Tolstaya, Dnevniki v dvukh tomakh, ed. V. E. Vatsuro et al., 2 vols, Moscow, 1978, vol. 1, 508.

16. Gusev 3, 134–135.

17. Alexandre Dumas, L’Homme-femme, Paris, 1872.

18. Roderick Phillips, Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society, Cambridge, 1988, 422.

19. JE 62, 11.

20. See Priscilla Meyer, How the Russians Read the French: Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Madison, 2008, 152–248.

21. JE 59, 64.

22. JE 34, 368.

23. JE 62, 16.

24. Letopis’ 1, 403.

25. V. A. Zhdanov, ‘K istorii sozdaniya “Anna Karenina”: dva rannikh nabroska romana’, Literaturnoe nasledstvo, 69 (1961), vol. 1, 404.

26. Zhdanov, ‘K istorii sozdaniya “Anna Karenina”’, 423.

27. V. A. Zhdanov and E. E. Zaidenshnur, ‘Tekstologicheskie poyasneniya’, in L. N. Tolstoi, Anna Karenina, Literaturnye Pamyatniki, ed. Zhdanov and Zaidenshnur, Moscow, 1970, 687.

28. Gusev 3, 280.

29. Zhdanov and Zaidenshnur, ‘Tekstologicheskie poyasneniya’, 810.

30. JE 62, 25.

31. JE 62, 15.

32. JE 62, 27.

33. Letopis’ 1, 408.

34. JE 17, 704.

35. JE 61, 315–316.

36. JE 17, 702–708.

37. JE 62, 29.

38. Oleg Neverov, Great Private Collections of Imperial Russia, London, 2004, 165–166; Irina Nenarkomova, Pavel Tret’yakov i ego galereya, Moscow, 1998.

39. David Jackson, The Wanderers and Critical Realism in Nineteenth-Century Russian Painting, Manchester, 2006, 26.

40. Gusev 3, 150–151.

41. See Irina Paperno, Suicide as a Cultural Institution in Dostoevsky’s Russia, Ithaca, 1997.

42. JE 62, 50.

43. Paperno, Suicide as a Cultural Institution.

44. Letopis’ 1, 413.

45. JE 62, 56.

46. JE 62, 69.

47. JE 62, 55.

48. JE 62, 72.

49. JE 62, 56.

50. Vladimir Zhdanov, Lyubov’ v zhizni Tolstogo (1928), Moscow, 2005, 161–162.

51. JE 62, 40.

52. Gusev 3, 154–155.

53. Gusev 3, 296.

54. Letopis’ 1, 418.

55. JE 62, 95.

56. JE 62, 78.

57. JE 62, 81.

58. JE 62, 89.

59. JE 62, 92.

60. JE 34, 367–368.

61. JE 62, 95.

62. JE 62, 103.

63. JE 62, 100.

64. JE 62, 107.