Tolstoy

6. N. N. Gusev, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi. Materialy k biografii s 1855 po 1869 god [Gusev 2], Moscow, 1957, 641.

7. The Autobiography of Countess Sophie Tolstoi, preface and notes by Vasilii Spiridonov, tr. S. S. Koteliansky and Leonard Woolf, Richmond, 1922, 10.

8. T. A. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’ doma i v Yasnoi Poliane, ed. T. N. Volkova, Tula, 1973, 58.

9. S. A. Tolstaya, Dnevniki v dvukh tomakh, ed. V. E. Vatsuro et al., 2 vols, Moscow, 1978, vol. 1, 476.

10. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 480.

11. JE 60, 441–442.

12. N. A. Kalinina et al., Perepiska L. N. Tolstogo s sestroi i brat’yami, Moscow, 1990, 242.

13. Gusev 2, 578.

14. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 491.

15. JE 48, 41.

16. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 490.

17. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 143.

18. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 138.

19. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 492.

20. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 139.

21. JE 48, 46.

22. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 40, 54.

23. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 495.

24. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 197.

25. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 44.

26. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 196.

27. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 35.

28. N. Nikitina, Povsednevnaya zhizn L’va Tolstogo v Yasnoi polyane, Moscow, 2007, 94.

29. Povarennaya kniga S. A. Tolstoi, Tula, 1991.

30. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 35.

31. JE 60, 448.

32. JE 48, 46.

33. JE 48, 47.

34. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 44.

35. Autobiography of Countess Sophie Tolstoi, 86.

36. The story is about an alcoholic, renegade peasant bearing this nickname who is so mortified after failing, through no fault of his own, to carry out a task he has been entrusted with by his mistress, who has given him a chance to redeem himself, that he ends up committing suicide.

37. Georgy Lesskis, Lev Tolstoi (1852–1869), Moscow, 2000, 310.

38. Lesskis, Lev Tolstoi, 344 (Gnedich’s 1829 translation).

39. Gusev 2, 584.

40. JE 61, 23–24.

41. Gusev 2, 594.

42. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 36.

43. JE 60, 455.

44. N. N. Gusev, Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva L. N. Tolstogo, 1828–1890, Moscow, 1958 [Letopis’ 1], 287.

45. JE 60, 451.

46. S. Stakhovich, ‘Kak pisalsya “Kholstomer”’, L. N. Tolstoi, vol. 1, Moscow, 1938, 332–336.

47. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 36.

48. Gusev 2, 603.

49. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 201.

50. JE 61, 15.

51. Nikitina, Povsednevnaya zhizn L’va Tolstogo, 92, 95.

52. Letopis’ 1, 285.

53. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 1, 54.

54. I. I. Mints and S. A. Tolstaya-Esenina, eds., Yasnaya Polyana: stat’i, dokumenty, Moscow, 1942, 105.

55. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 39.

56. Nikitina, Povsednevnaya zhizn L’va Tolstogo, 98–99.

57. S. A. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 9 (1998), 148.

58. I am grateful to Thomas Newlin for letting me read his unpublished article ‘“Swarm Life” and the Biology of War and Peace’, and for his help with Russian beekeeping terminology.

59. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 162.

60. Kuzminskaya, Moya zhizn’, 217–218.

61. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Novy mir, 41.

62. JE 48, 59.

63. JE 48, 58.

64. For a detailed account see Kathryn B. Feuer, Tolstoy and the Genesis of ‘War and Peace’, ed. Robin Feuer Miller and Donna Tussing Orwin, Ithaca, 1996.

65. JE 61, 23–24.

66. JE 48, 63; Gusev 2, 641.

67. N. Gusev, ‘Gde iskat’ kanonicheskii tekst “Voiny i mira”’, in Tolstoi i o Tolstom: Novye materialy, ed. N. Gusev, vol. 1, Moscow, 1926, 132–135.

68. I. N. Sukikh, Voina iz-za ‘Voiny i mira’: Roman L. N. Tolstogo ‘Voina i mir’ v russkoi kritike i literaturovedenii, St Petersburg, 2002, 34.

69. Vladimir Zhdanov, Lyubov’ v zhizni Tolstogo (1928), Moscow, 2005, 106.

70. M. A. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, in Tolstoi i o Tolstom: Novye materialy, ed. N. Gusev, vol. 3, Moscow, 1927, 142.

71. Letopis’ 1, 295; Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 157.

72. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 131.

73. Gusev 2, 633.

74. Letopis’ 1, 303.

75. Tsyavlovsky, ‘Kak pisalsya i pechatalsya roman “Voina i mir”’, 151.

76. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 139.

77. Tolstaya, ‘Moya zhizn’’, Oktyabr’, 149.