The Historians' History of the World 07

. Pierre de Courtenai and Robert of Namur,

298

. Jean de Brienne,

299

. Baldwin II,

300

. The crown of thorns,

300

. Progress of the Greeks,

301

. Constantinople recovered by the Greeks,

302

.

CHAPTER X

The Restoration of the Greek Empire

(1204-1391

A.D.

)

304

Theodore (I) Lascaris and Joannes Vatatzes,

304

. Theodore (II) Lascaris and Joannes (IV) Lascaris,

305

. Michael (VIII) Palæologus,

305

. Michael Palæologus crowned emperor,

307

. Return and rule of the Greek emperor,

308

. The provinces of the empire,

311

. Andronicus II,

317

. The Catalan Grand Company,

320

. The duchy of Athens,

322

. Walter de Brienne and Cephisus,

322

. Andronicus II to the restoration of the Palæologi,

323

. The crusade of the fourteenth century,

329

. The empire tributary to the Turks,

330

.

CHAPTER XI

Manuel II to the Fall of Constantinople

(1391-1453

A.D.

)

331

Manuel II,

331

. Reign of Joannes VII,

336

. Brief union of the Greek and Roman churches,

337

. Reign of Constantine XIII,

338

. War with Muhammed,

340

. Church dissensions,

341

. Preparations for defence,

342

. The siege begins,

344

. The final assault,

349

. The sack of Constantinople,

352

. End of the Comneni and Palæologi,

356

.

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

359

BOOK II. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE WEST

Introduction

361

CHAPTER I

Odoacer to the Triumph of Narses

(476-568

A.D.

)

377

The rise of Theodoric,

380

. The Goths move upon Italy,

383

. Theodoric the Great,

385

. Theodoric and the Church,

389

. The fate of Boethius and Symmachus,

391

. The troubles of Amalasuntha,

394

. Justinian intervenes,

396

. Witiges king of the Goths,

399

. Belisarius and the siege of Rome,

399

. Sufferings of the Romans,

402

. The pope deposed,

403

. A three months’ truce,

404

. Last efforts of the Goths,

405

. Jealousy of the Roman generals,

406

. A Frankish invasion,

407

. The test of Belisarius’ fidelity,

409

. The rise of Totila,

410

. Belisarius again in

Italy,

412

. Second siege of Rome,

413

. Totila captures Rome,

415

. Belisarius remantles the deserted city,

416

. Totila again takes Rome,

417

. Narses returns to Italy,

418

. Battle of Taginæ and death of Totila,

419

. Progress of Narses,

420

. Interference of the Franks,

422

. Battle of Capua, or the Vulturnus,

423

. End of Gothic sway,

424

.

CHAPTER II

Lombard Invasion to Liutprand’s Death

(568-744

A.D.

)

426

Early history of the Lombards,

426

. Their wanderings from the Elbe to the Danube,

427

. The Lombards in the region of the Danube,

429

. Wars with the Gepids,

431

. Alboin annihilates the Gepid power,

433

. Alboin plans to invade Italy,

434

. The end of Narses,

435

. The Lombards enter Italy,

436

. The end of Alboin,

437

. Extent of Lombard sway,

440

. The reign and wooing of Authari,

442

. Lombard government and law,

443

. The decay of Rome,

444

. The Lombard kings,

445

. Decline of the Lombard kingdom,

446

. Reign of Liutprand,

447

. Liutprand and Martel,

448

. Liutprand and the Italian powers,

449

. Liutprand, the pope, and Constantinople,

450

. Peace with Rome,

454

. Hodgkin’s estimate of Liutprand,

455

.

CHAPTER III

The Franks to the Time of Charles Martel

(55

B.C.

-732

A.D.

)

457

First conflicts with Rome,

460

. Franks in the Roman army,

462

. Early kings and the Salic Laws,

463

. The reign of Clovis,

466

. Clovis turns Christian,

469

. Successors of Clovis to Pepin,

477

. The rise of Pepin,

481

. Pepin of Heristal,

482

. The career of Charles Martel,

488

.

CHAPTER IV

Charles Martel to Charlemagne

(732-768

A.D.

)

497

The Saracens repelled,

498

. The affairs of Rome,

499

. The pope calls to Charles,

500

. Carloman and Pepin the Short,

502

. Pepin sole ruler,

504

. Secularisation,

506

. The anointing of Pepin,

507

. Lombard affairs,

509

. The pope visits Pepin,

511

. Pepin invades Italy,

513

. Second war with the Lombards,

513

. Desiderius made Lombard king,

515

. Pepin and the Aquitanians,

516

.

CHAPTER V

Charlemagne

(768-814

A.D.

)

520

His biography, by a contemporary,

520

. The Italian War,

523

. The Saxon War,

524

. The pass of Roncesvalles,

525

. Third visit to Italy,

526

. Bavarian War with Tassilo,

526

. Wars in the North and with the Avars,

527

. Danish War,

528

. Glory of Charlemagne,

528

. His family,

530

. His personal look and habits,

532

. His imperial title,

535

. His death,

535

. His will and testament,

537

. Giesebrecht on Charles the Great,

539

. The final subjugation of the Saxons,

543

. The imperial coronation,

544

. Administration and reforms of Charles,

546

. Last years of Charles,

552

. The legendary Charlemagne,

554

. The Monk of St. Gall’s story,

554

. Sheppard’s summary of the legends,

555

.

CHAPTER VI

Charlemagne’s Successors to the Treaty of Verdun

(814-843

A.D.

)

557

Louis le Débonnaire, or Pious,

557

. Humiliation of Louis,

560

. Louis returns to power,

561

. Last years of Louis,

563

. Quarrels of his successors,

565

. Charles the Bald and Ludwig the German unite,

566

. Lothair brought to terms,

569

. Oppression of the Saxon freemen,

570

. The Treaty of Verdun,

571

.

CHAPTER VII

The Birth of German Nationality

(843-936

A.D.

)

574

The reign of Ludwig the German,

575

. War with the Slavonic tribes,

576

. Ludwig turns against Charles the Bald,

577

. The end of Lothair,

578

. Ludwig and Charles divide Lothair’s possessions,

580

. Last years of Ludwig the German,

580