The Historians' History of the World 07

PETRUS PATRIARCHUS, GEORGIUS PHRANZES, PROSPER AQUITANICUS,

PTOLEMY, HERMANN VON REICHENAU, E. ROBERT ROESLER,

SALVIANUS OF MARSEILLES, F. J. SAULCY, K. SCHENK,

F. C. SCHLOSSER, LUDWIG SCHMIDT,

J. Y. SHEPPARD,

C. SOLLIUS APOLLINARIS SIDONIUS, JAMES SIME, M. E. THALHEIMER, THEOPHANES,

THEOPHYLACTUS SIMOCATTA, THIETMAR OF MERSEBURG, GEOFFREY DE

VILLE-HARDOUIN, WALAFRIED STRABUS, WIPO, JOHANN

G. A. WIRTH, J. K. ZEUS

CONTENTS

VOLUME VII

PAGE

BOOK I. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE EAST

Introductory Essay. A Survey of the History of the Middle Ages.

By James T. Shotwell, Ph.D.

xiii

History in Outline of the Later Roman Empire in the East

1

CHAPTER I

The Reign of Arcadius

(395-408

A.D.

)

25

A comparison of the two empires,

25

. Greatness of Constantinople,

28

. The East and the West,

30

. Alaric’s revolt,

30

. Eutropius the Eunuch,

33

. Tribigild the Ostrogoth; the fall of Eutropius,

35

. St. John Chrysostom,

39

.

CHAPTER II

Reign of Theodosius the Younger to the Elevation of Justinian

(408-527

A.D.

)

42

The Huns,

45

. Ammianus Marcellinus describes the Huns,

47

. Attila, king of the Huns,

48

. The diplomacy of Attila,

54

. Attempt to assassinate Attila,

58

. Successors of Theodosius,

60

.

CHAPTER III

Justinian and Theodora

(525-548

A.D.

)

66

The factions of the Circus,

69

. Avarice and profession of Justinian,

74

. The building of St. Sophia,

79

. Other buildings of Justinian,

81

. Fortifications,

82

. Suppression of the schools,

85

. Extinction of the Roman consulship,

87

. The Vandalic War,

87

. Belisarius,

89

. Belisarius enters Carthage,

92

. Triumph and meekness of Belisarius,

96

. Solomon’s wars with the Moors,

98

. Military tactics under Justinian,

100

. Decadence of the soldiery,

103

.

CHAPTER IV

The Later Years of Justinian’s Reign

(535-565

A.D.

)

106

Byzantium rids Rome of the Goths,

106

. Finlay’s estimate of Belisarius,

109

. The Goths renew the war,

110

. Belisarius in Rome,

111

. Gibbon’s estimate of Belisarius and his times,

113

. Barbaric inroads,

114

. Slavic incursions,

116

. Turks and Avars,

119

. Relations of the Roman Empire with Persia,

121

. The revolt in Africa,

124

. Invasion of the Cotrigur Huns,

127

. End of Belisarius,

129

. Death of Justinian,

130

. Justinian as a legislator,

131

. Bury’s estimate of Justinian,

136

.

CHAPTER V

Reign of Justin II to Heraclius

(565-629

A.D.

)

137

Reign of Tiberius,

140

. The Emperor Maurice,

142

. The Persian War,

143

. The Avars,

147

. State of the Roman armies,

150

. Rebellion against Maurice,

151

. Phocas emperor,

153

. Heraclius emperor,

155

. Heraclius plans to remove the capital to Carthage,

158

. The awakening of Heraclius,

159

. Triumph of Heraclius,

162

. The siege of Constantinople,

164

. Third expedition of Heraclius,

165

. Battle of Nineveh,

166

. The end of Chosroes,

167

.

CHAPTER VI

Heraclius and his Successors

(610-717

A.D.

)

170

The provinces under Heraclius,

173

. Barriers against the Northern barbarians,

176

. Religious activities of Heraclius,

177

. Wars with the Mohammedans,

179

. The reign of Constans II,

182

. Religious feuds,

183

. The growing danger from the Saracens,

184

. Reign of Constantine IV,

186

. Saracen wars and siege of Constantinople,

187

. Justinian II,

189

. The government of Leontius,

192

. Justinian recovers the throne,

193

. Anarchy,

194

.

CHAPTER VII

Leo the Isaurian to Joannes Zimisces

(717-969

A.D.

)

197

Leo (III) the Isaurian,

201

. The siege of Constantinople,

202

. Revolt against Leo,

205

. The Iconoclasts,

207

. Iconoclasm after Leo,

209

. The reign of Constantine (V) Copronymus,

210

. Government of Copronymus; the Saracen wars,

211

. Wars with Bulgaria,

212

. Council of 754,

214

. Leo IV and Constantine VI,

215

. The empress Irene,

216

. Irene and iconoclasm,

217

. End of Byzantine authority at Rome,

219

. Nicephorus and Michael I,

220

. Leo the Armenian,

221

. The Amorian dynasty (820-867

A.D.

): Michael II,

222

. Theophilus,

222

. Theodora and Michael the Drunkard,

223

. The Basilian or Macedonian dynasty (867-1057

A.D.

): Basil,

225

. Leo (VI) the Philosopher,

228

. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus,

228

. Romanus Lecapenus,

229

. Romanus II,

230

. Nicephorus Phocas,

231

. The wars of Nicephorus,

231

.

CHAPTER VIII

Glory and Decline of the Empire

(969-1204

A.D.

)

235

The Russian war,

237

. War with the Saracens,

241

. The apex of glory,

242

. Basil II and his successors,

243

. Separation of Greek and Latin churches,

250

. The Comneni,

251

. Romanus in the field,

253

. Captivity of the emperor,

255

. The sons of Constantine XI and Nicephorus III,

257

. Anna Comnena’s history,

259

. Troubles of Alexius,

259

. The Norman invasion,

260

. Joannes (II) Comnenus (Calo-Joannes),

263

. Manuel I,

264

. The adventures of Andronicus,

266

. Alexius II,

269

. Andronicus I emperor,

270

. Gibbon’s review of the emperors,

271

. Isaac (II) Angelus,

273

. Intervention of the crusaders,

273

. The capture of Constantinople,

275

. Second capture, and sack of the city,

278

.

CHAPTER IX

The Latin Empire

(1204-1261

A.D.

)

282

The election of an emperor,

283

. Baldwin crowned,

284

. Division of the territory,

285

. The pope acknowledged,

286

. Fate of the royal fugitives,

287

. Baldwin quarrels with Boniface,

288

. Other conquests,

290

. The Bulgarian War,

291

. Defeat of the Latins,

292

. The fate of Baldwin,

295

. Henry of Hainault,

296