Reference grammar of Lidepla

if the word ends with a vowel: + s: un kitaba (a book) – kitabas, un tabla (a table) – tablas

if the word ends with a consnant: + es: un flor (a flower) – flores, un animal (an animal) – animales

1.2. Case:

a) There are no special case forms.

b) The change of the word order is indicated by the particle den:

- Den sey (this) flor (flower) me (I) pri (to like). Den sey flor me pri. – I like this flower.

- den dom (house) sobre (above) den dom sobre – above the house

c) Nominative marker is da (used only when necessary):

- Mata (mother) samaji (to understand) me (I) sam (same) hao (good, well) kom (as) da yu (you). Mata (mother) samaji (to understand) me (I) sam (same) hao (good, well) kom (as) da yu (you). – Mother understands me as well as you do.

- Mata (mother) samaji (to understand) me (I) sam (same) hao (good, well) kom (as) den yu (you). – Mother understands me as well as you.

1.3. Gender:

a) Nouns don't belong to any gender: amiga – friend (male or female)

b) One can specify the sex of a human by:

particles man- and gin-

- leker (doctor) – man-leker (male-doctor) – gin-leker (female doctor)

- kota (cat) – man-kota (male-cat) – gin-kota (female-cat)

changing "a" with -o and -ina:

- amiga (friend) – amigo (male friend) – amigina (female friend)

c) Some nouns imply the sex of the human:

- man (man) – gina (woman)

- boy (boy) – gela (girl)

- patra (father) – mata (mother)

- son (son) – docha (daughter)

- opa (grandfather) – oma (grandmother)

- brata (brother) – sista (sister)

- onkla (uncle) – tia (aunt)

1.4. Apposition may be marked with to (from "to es" – that is):

- Me (I) to kitabnik (book lover) lekti (to read) mucho (much). Me to kitabnik lekti mucho. – I, being a book lover, read a lot.

- Molya (wife) gro-lubi (to adore) suy (her) mursha (husband) to soldata (soldier). Molya gro-lubi (to adore) suy (her) mursha (husband) to soldata (soldier). – The wife adores her husband who is a soldier.

1.5. There is no article (numeral "un" (one) and demonstrative pronouns like "sey" (this) are used instead, when necessary).

2. Pronouns that function like nouns[edit]

2.1. Personal:

a) me (I), nu (we), yu (you), ta (he / she), li (they)

- Nu (we) vidi (to see) li (they). Nu vidi li. – We see them.

- Me (I) dumi (to think) om (about) yu (you). Me dumi om yu. – I'm thinking about you.

b) lu (he), ela (she), it (it), yu oli (you all), oni (one), ambi (both)

- Oni (one) shwo (to say) ke ("that")... Oni shwo ke... – One says that...

- Es (is) kitaba (book). Me (I) pren (to take) it (it). Es kitaba. Me pren it. – This is a book. I take it.

- Me (I) hev (to have) dwa (two) kota (cat). Ambi (both) es (is / are) swate (black). Me hev dwa kota. Ambi es swate. – I have two cats. They both are black.

2.2. Reflexive: swa (oneself), mutu (one another)

- Me (I) woshi (to wash) swa (oneself). Me woshi swa. – I wash myself.

- Ela (she) lubi (to love) swa (oneself). Ela lubi swa. – She loves herself.