Поздний расцвет. Как взрослым добиться успеха в мире, одержимом ранним развитием

2…появляется все больше доказательств… – с тех пор как появилась функциональная магниторезонансная томография, изучение когнитивного развития детей, подростков и взрослых ведется полным ходом. Многие ученые исследуют развитие префронтальной коры, исполнительной функции, лимбической системы, белого вещества и миелина. Чтобы больше узнать о когнитивном развитии подростков, рекомендую книги и статьи: Laurence Steinberg, “Cognitive and Affective Development in Adolescence,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, no. 2 (2005): 69–74; Beatriz Luna et al., “Maturation of Widely Distributed Brain Function Subserves Cognitive Development,” Neuroimage 13, no. 5 (2001): 786–93; Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Suparna Choudhury, “Development of the Adolescent Brain: Implications for Executive Function and Social Cognition,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 47, nos. 3–4 (2006): 296–312; B. J. Casey, Jay N. Giedd, and Kathleen M. Tomas, “Structural and Functional Brain Development and Its Relation to Cognitive Development,” Biological Psychology 54, nos. 1–3 (2000): 241–57; James J. Gross, “Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 10, no. 6 (2001): 214–19; Zoltan Nagy, Helena Westerberg, and Torkel Klingberg, “Maturation of White Matter Is Associated with the Development of Cognitive Functions During Childhood,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 7 (2004): 1227–33; Tomáš Paus, “Mapping Brain Maturation and Cognitive Development During Adolescence,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, no. 2 (2005): 60–68; Catalina J. Hooper et al., “Adolescents’ Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task: Implications for the Development of Decision Making and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex,” Developmental Psychology 40, no. 6 (2004): 1148; Sara B. Johnson, Robert W. Blum, and Jay N. Giedd, “Adolescent Maturity and the Brain: Тhe Promise and Pitfalls of Neuroscience Research in Adolescent Health Policy,” Journal of Adolescent Health 45, no. 3 (2009): 216–21; Nitin Gogtay et al., “Dynamic Mapping of Human Cortical Development During Childhood Trough Early Adulthood,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 21 (2004): 8174–79; David Moshman, “Cognitive Development Beyond Childhood,” DigitalCommons@ University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 1998; Sarah-Jayne Blakemore et al., “Adolescent Development of the Neural Circuitry for Thinking About Intentions,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2, no. 2 (2007): 130–39. For a little lighter reading, see Carl Zimmer, “You’re an Adult. Your Brain, Not So Much,” New York Times, December 21, 2016.

3. Исследования когнитивных способностей… – Joaquín M. Fuster, “Frontal Lobe and Cognitive Development,” Journal of Neurocytology 31, nos. 3–5 (2002): 373–85; Jay N. Giedd, “Тhe Teen Brain: Insights from Neuroimaging,” Journal of Adolescent Health 42, no. 4 (2008): 335–43; Jay N. Giedd, “Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Adolescent Brain,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1021, no. 1 (2004): 77–85; Jay N. Giedd et al., “Brain Development During Childhood and Adolescence: A Longitudinal MRI Study,” Nature Neuroscience 2, no. 10 (1999): 861.

4. Среди сегодняшних двадцатипятилетних молодых людей по сравнению с их родителями… – Laurence Steinberg, “The Case for Delayed Adulthood,” New York Times, September 19, 2014.

5…«начало зрелого возраста»… – Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Trough the Twenties (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, “Emerging Adulthood: A Theory of Development from the Late Teens Trough the Twenties,” American Psychologist 55, no. 5 (2000): 469; Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, “Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good For?” Child Development Perspectives 1, no. 2 (2007): 68–73; Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood (Boston: Pearson, 2014). См. также Robin Marantz Henig, “What Is It About 20-Somethings?” New York Times Magazine, August 18, 2010.

6…дольше длится период образования новых синапсов… – ученый из Нью-Йоркского университета, нейробиолог Элхонон Голдберг, интервью автору в июле 2018 года.

7. Навыки, которые я приобрел, работая с людьми… – слова Обри Дастина цитируются по книге Celia R. Baker, “How Taking a ‘Gap Year’ Between High School and College Can Improve Your Life,” Deseret News, November 4, 2013.

8…отпуск между окончанием колледжа и началом карьеры… – Phil Knight, Shoe Dog (New York: Scribner’s, 2016).

9. «Если ты сейчас уйдешь…» – Kyle DeNuccio, “Independence Days: My Perfect Imperfect Gap Year,” New York Times, April 8, 2017.