Paul and Jesus

   1:15–16, 100

   1:15–17, 91

   1:16, 1, 18

   1:16–18, 19

   1:17, 235

   1:18, 93

   1:18–19, 29, 210

   1:18–23, 2

   1:19, 26, 245

   1:20, 128

   2:1–9, 2

   2:1–10, 231

   2:2, 1

   2:6, 3, 19

   2:6–9, 213

   2:7–8, 101, 209

   2:9, 3, 19, 27, 29, 209, 245

   2:12, 27, 215

   2:14, 214

   2:16, 256

   3:1, 199

   3:10, 202

   3:22, 256

   3:23–25, 183

   3:23–26, 16

   3:26–27, 139

   3:27–28, 161

   3:23–4:10, 211

   3:28, 171

   4:3–4, 259

   4:4, 165

   4:4–5, 101

   4:6, 117, 143

   4:8–10, 211

   4:10, 34

   4:13–14, 236

   4:19–20, 197

   4:25–26, 202

   4:25, 92

   5:2–4, 215

   5:4, 200

   5:10, 199

   5:12, 200

   5:14, 256

   5:17, 190

   5:18–21, 190

   5:21, 122

   6:2, 190, 202

   6:15, 183

   6:16, 201

   6:17, 105

   ethical instructions in, 189–90, 196, 197, 199

Galilee:

   apostles’ return to, 31, 77–78, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87

   Jesus sightings in, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89

   Jewish revolts in, 222, 233, 247, 249

   Luke’s marginalization of, 31, 87, 88

   Paul’s connection to, 233, 236

Gamaliel, 232, 234

Genesis:

   1:24, 52

   1:27, 121, 161

   1:28, 161

   2:7, 52

   3, 54

   3:5, 119

   3:15, 167

   3:16, 166

   3:19, 53, 119

   3:22–23, 119

   4:7, 192

   5:24, 249

   6:1–2, 163

   7:15, 52

   16:10, 257

   18:33, 257

   19:24, 257

   22:11, 257

   women in, 161, 163, 166, 167

Gentiles:

   Christianity’s spread among, 31, 222

   ethical standards for, 185, 187, 188, 262

   Jewish conversion of, 33, 176, 177–78, 180, 181, 199–200, 210, 211, 214–15, 219, 261

   Jewish view of, 179–80, 181, 186

   Paul’s criticisms of, 185, 186, 187

   Paul’s mission to, 4, 10, 18, 33, 91, 99, 100–105, 107, 176, 178, 184–85, 207, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214–15, 217, 220, 230, 231, 232

Gischala, 233

glorification, see spiritual body

gnostics, 161, 217

gospel, meaning of, 111

Gospel of Peter, 81–83, 85–86, 87

Gospel of Thomas, 34–35, 37

   Saying 12 of, 34–35

gospels, 68–90, 130

   authorship of, 8, 71

   chronology of, 7, 8, 12, 49, 68, 71–72, 73, 74, 84–86, 146–47, 248–49

   empty tomb story in, 31, 48, 69–71, 77–81, 86, 88

   Jesus’ birth in, 72, 73

   Jesus’ burial in, 48, 70, 74–77, 80

   Jesus sightings in, 31, 72, 73, 74, 77–78, 79, 83–87, 88, 252–53

   Jesus’ youth in, 23, 245

   Last Supper in, 14–15, 145–47, 252

   Paul’s influence on, 7, 12, 49, 90, 147, 148

   resurrection accounts in, 12, 70, 72–73, 74, 86–87, 89, 255

   “resuscitation” stories in, 55–56

   see also specific books

Gratus, 66

Great Commission, 73

Greek dualism, 50–52, 59, 61

   Paul’s view of, 60

Greeks:

   Christianity’s criticism by, 88

   and early Christian culture, 222

   and sexuality, 161, 170

   theophagy practices among, 150–51

Hades, 51, 58, 59

Hadrian, 222, 247

Hebrews:

   1:2, 120

   6:2, 258

   Christology in, 120

Hegesippus, 36, 37

Hermas, Shepherd of, 222

Herod Agrippa, 37, 245

Herod Antipas, 64, 65, 136

Herod the Great, 66, 233

Hillel, 254

Holy Spirit, 24

   at Ephesian baptism, 138

   Paul’s understanding of, 12–13, 14, 17

homosexuality, Paul’s view on, 170

Hurtado, Larry, 262

idolatry, 185–86, 187, 188, 189

Ignatius, 154, 177, 222, 236, 241

Irenaeus, 155, 205, 223–24, 241

Isaiah, 18

   9:6–7, 13

   11, 101

   11:10, 103

   26:19, 249–50

   38:18, 53

   45:22–23, 135

   45:23, 182

   49:1–2, 104

   49:1–6, 18, 103

   49:6, 104

   49:7–8, 104

   49:7, 254

   49:8, 254

   53:9, 252

   56:6–7, 99

   61:1, 255

James, letter of, 27, 46, 68, 148, 222, 224, 264

   1:1, 40, 102

   1:17, 42

   1:22, 42

   1:25, 40

   2:1, 40

   2:2, 41

   2:5, 42

   2:10, 40, 42

   2:14, 40

   2:17, 40

   5:1, 42

   5:7–9, 41

   5:9, 43

   5:12, 42

   5:14, 43

   5:15–16, 43

   dispute over, 39–40

   ethical content of, 41–44

James, son of Zebedee, 23, 96, 208, 245

James the brother of Jesus, 29–38, 247

   archaeological evidence of, 25–26, 246

   Christianity of, xvi

   death of, 24, 37–38, 221

   Jesus movement leadership of, 19, 23, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34–37, 151, 209, 214, 225, 247

   Jesus’ reported appearance to, 64, 84

   Judaism of, 6, 25, 28, 176, 184, 212, 213–14

   marginalization of, 7, 9, 23, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38

   Paul’s accounts of, 9

   Paul’s criticism of, 3, 6, 19, 212

   Paul’s disagreement with, 40, 129, 202, 211–12, 216, 225

   Paul’s meetings with, 2, 3, 23, 33–34, 93, 101, 145, 210, 230

   Paul’s references to, 23, 27, 29

   in Paul’s resurrection testimony, 49

   Peter’s purported letter to, 224–25

   scholarly studies of, 25

   successor of, 223

   terminology related to, 23, 27–28, 35

Jeremiah:

   31:31–37, 99

   33:15, 13

Jerome, 26, 39, 233, 236

Jerusalem:

   apostles’ mourning in, 82

   cave tombs in, 75–76

   Jesus sightings in, 31, 81, 83, 85, 86

   Jewish revolts in, 222–23, 247, 249

   Luke’s emphasis on, 31, 87

   Paul’s connection to, 234, 235

   Paul’s first trip to, 2, 93, 145, 210, 213, 230

   Paul’s repudiation of, 202

   Paul’s second trip to, 2, 3, 33, 210, 216, 230

   Paul’s third trip to, 33–34, 211–12, 231

   Roman destruction of, 8, 24, 222–23, 247, 249

   Temple in, 184, 222, 247

Jesse, 102

Jesus:

   archaeological evidence of, 26

   ascension of, 89–90

   baptism practices of, 14, 136–37, 139

   brothers of, 26–27, 30, 31; see also James the brother of Jesus

   burial of, 11, 30, 48, 64, 70, 74–77, 80, 88, 252

   in Capernaum, 208

   catechetical understanding of, 4

   Davidic lineage of, 12, 46, 148, 202

   early Christian understanding of, 25, 44, 46, 148, 223

   empty tomb of, 31, 48, 69–71, 77–81, 82, 86, 88, 251

   and Gentiles, 102

   Gospel of Thomas sayings of, 34–35

   Herod’s opinion of, 65

   historical links to, 38, 43

   historical understanding of, xvii, 46

   Judaism of, 5, 15, 31, 43, 97, 149, 150, 151, 176, 184, 212

   on kingdom of God, 13, 122–23, 180

   in letter of James, 39