Читаем Остром, Элинор. Управление общим. полностью

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Ostrom, V. 1986b. A Fallabilist's Approach to Norms and Criteria of Choice. In Guidance, Control, and Evaluation in the Public Sector, eds. F. X. Kaufmann, G. Majone, and V. Ostrom, pp. 229-49. New York: Walter de Gruyter.

Ostrom, V. 1991. The Meaning of American Federalism: Constituting a Self-Governing Society. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.

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Ostrom, V., R. Bish, and E. Ostrom, 1988. Local Government in the United States. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.

Ostrom, V., D. Feeny, and H. Picht. 1988. Rethinking Institutional Analysis and Development: Issues, Alternatives, and Choices. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.

Ostrom, V., and E. Ostrom. 1977a. Public Goods and Public Choices. In Alternatives for Delivering Public Services. Toward Improved Performance, ed. E. S. Savas, pp. 7 — 49. Boulder: Westview Press.

Ostrom, V., and E. Ostrom. 1977b. A Theory for Institutional Analysis of Common Pool Problems. In Managing the Commons, eds. G. Hardin and J. Baden,

pp. 157 — 72. San Francisco: Freeman.

Ostrom, V., C. M. Tiebout, and R. Warren. 1961. The Organization of Government in Metropolitan Areas: A Theoretical Inquiry. American Political Science Review 55:831-42.

Panayoutou, T. 1982. Management Concepts for Small-Scale Fisheries: Economic and Social Aspects. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 228, Rome.

Perera, J. 1986. The Gal Oya Farmer Organization Programme: A Learning Process? In Participatory Management in Sri Lanka's Irrigation Schemes, International Irrigation Management Institute, Digana Village via Kandy,

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Picardi, A. C., and W. W. Seifert. 1977. A Tragedy of the Commons in the Sahel. Ekistics 43:297-304.

Picht, C. 1987. Common Property Regimes in Swiss Alpine Meadows. Paper presented at a conference on advances in comparative institutional analysis at the InterUniversity Center of Postgraduate Studies, October 19-23, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia.

Pinkerton, E., ed. 1989a. Co-operative Management of Local Fisheries. New Directions for Improved Management and Community Development. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

Pinkerton, E. 1989b. Competition Among B. C. Fish Processing Firms. In Uncommon Property: The Fishing and Fish Processing Industries in British Columbia, eds. P. Marshak, N. Guppy, and J. McMullan, pp. 66-91. Toronto: Methuen.

Plott, C. R. 1979. The Application of Laboratory Experimental Methods to Public Choice. In Collective Decision Making: Applications from Public Choice Theory, ed. C. S. Russell, pp. 137-60. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Plott, C. R., and R. A. Meyer. 1975. The Technology of Public Goods, Externalities, and the Exclusion Principle. In Economic Analysis of Environmental Problems, ed. E. S. Mills, pp. 65-94. New York: Columbia University Press.

Popper, K. R. 1967. Rationality and the Status of the Rationality Principle. In Le Fondements Philosophiques des Systems Economiques Textes de Jacques Rueff et Essais Rediges en son Honneur, ed. E. M. Classen, pp. 145-50. Paris: Payot.

Posner, R. A. 1980. A Theory of Primitive Society, with Special Reference to Law. Journal of Law and Economics 23:1-53.

Powers, R. B. 1987. Bringing the Commons into a Large University Classroom. Simulation and Games 18:443 — 57.

Pradhan, P. P. 1980. Local Institutions and People's Participation in Rural Public Works in Nepal. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University, Rural Development Committee.

Pradhan, P. P. 1984. Chattis Mauja Irrigation System: Community Response in Resource Management. Paper for Social Science Research Council-Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore Seminar, January 4 — 7.

Price, M. 1987. The Development of Legislation and Policy for the Forests of the Swiss Alps. Working paper, Research Program on Environment and Behavior, University of Colorado.

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В этой новаторской книге Элинор Остром берется за один из самых сложных и спорных вопросов позитивной политической экономии, а именно — как организовать использование совместных ресурсов так, чтобы избежать и чрезмерного потребления, и административных расходов. Если ресурсы используются многими лицами, то есть четко определенных индивидуальных имущественных прав на них нет, экономисты часто считают их пригодными для эксплуатации только тогда, когда проблему чрезмерного потребления решают или путем приватизации, или применяя внешнее принуждение. Остром же решительно утверждает, что есть и другие решения, и можно создать стабильные институции самоуправления, если решить проблемы обеспечения, доверия и контроля.

Элинор Остром

Экономика / Экономика