Mao: The Unknown Story

11 “choked back”: Liao Gailong 1983, p. 140. Foreboding for Liu: Chang, J., p. 235; Li Jian et al., p. 459. Liu knew: interview with Wang Guangmei, 24 Sept. 1994. Liu unusually passionate: Wang Guangmei et al., p. 31; Jin & Huang, pp. 896–8.

CHAPTER 45 The Bomb

1 “Light of Death”: 16 Dec. 1963, Chen Xiaodong, pp. 202–3. Half of China’s lines: Qian Xuesen, in CCP Archive Study Office 1991, pp. 289–91.

2 –471 Kennedy and Mao’s Bomb: FRUS 1961–1963 vol. 22, Doc. 180 (Kennedy to Harriman, 15 July 1963); Harriman Papers, Boxes 539, 540, 542, 518; Troyanovsky interviews; Seaborg, p. 245; Burr, 1999b; Kennedy press conference, 1 Aug. 1963 Public Papers (Web/Kennedy Library, p. 4).

3 Lanzhou/Baotou: Alsop, S., p. 9. “oil king”: AQSh, f. 14, 1964, d. 38 (to Balluku). Johnson: FRUS 1964–1968 vol. 30, Doc. 2 (15 Jan. 1964, to Sen. Russell); cf. Garson; Burr, 1999b. 70th birthday cable: Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 745–53; English text in SCMP, no. 3203 (1964), pp. 29–30.

4 –472 Stuns Russians: Grishin, pp. 240–1; Brezhnev, pp. 89–90. Statement on US blacks: Mao 1998, pp. 377–9. “didn’t understand … blacks”: Williams interviews by phone, 19 Mar. & 9 Apr. 1995. Panama, Dominican Republic: Mao 1998, pp. 390–1, 432–3 (12 Jan. 1964, 12 May 1965). Mao — Vietnamese: Yang Kuisong, in Li Danhui, pp. 42–3 (E: Yang K. 2002, pp. 13ff); Le Duan, CWB, nos 12–13, p. 280; Westad et al. 1998, pp. 75–6 (Mao to Pham Van Dong, 5 Oct. 1964).

5 Laos, Thailand: Yang Kuisong 2002, pp. 17–18. South Sea fleet: Wu Ruilin. US troops “hostages”: Heikal, p. 277 (23 June 1965); Heikal confirmed in interview, 18 Jan. 1997. Chou to Nyerere: Babu, who was present, read to us from meeting notes, 11 July 1994; Jin Chongji et al. 1998, p. 839.

6 “Third Front”: quotes and description in State Council, numbered volume compiled for the inner circle; Bo Yibo 1993, pp. 1200–3; Naughton 1988; Lewis & Xue 1994, pp. 85–99; Shapiro, pp. 145–59.

7 “Be careful”: Mao 1993c, p. 622.

8 Mao celebrates the Bomb: Chen Xiaodong, pp. 178–9; Yang Mingwei, pp. 330–1. Doggerel: Cong Jin, p. 459. Very cheaply: CCP Archive Study Office 1991, p. 351.

9 US$4.1 billion: Lewis & Xue 1988, pp. 107–8. Lives saved calculation: based on FRUS 1961–1963 vol. 22, Doc. 132 (Rusk to British prime minister Macmillan, 24 June 1962).

CHAPTER 46 A Time of Uncertainty and Setbacks

1 “Using novels”: Pang & Jin, p. 1254.

2 –477 “The more books”: 26 June 1965, Mao CCRM & ARL, vol. VII, p. 3674 (E: Schram 1974, p. 232). “ruins you”: 27 Jan. 1965, ibid., p. 3670. “keep people stupid”: BNC, 1999, no. 3, p. 18. Mao opera fan: SMMM, pp. 467–86; interviews with Mao’s personal staff; Quan, pp. 44–7; Payne 1950, pp. 209–10. “all art forms”: Mao 1987–98, vol. 10, pp. 436–7.

3 –478 “Throw singers”: Mao CCRM, vol. 4, pp. 3–4. Destruction: Terzani, pp. 26ff. Temples and tombs: Mao 1987–98, vol. 11, pp. 232–6. “Get rid of most gardeners”: Mao CCRM, vol. 4, p. 26. Criticizing Stalin on classics: ZDZ editorial board, p. 152.

4 Lei Feng: Marcuse, pp. 237–46. Hate: Chou, SW vol. 2, p. 432 (“Learn from Lei Feng”). 8 June 1964: Bo Yibo 1993, p. 1148.

5 “utmost wish”: Chou to Chervonenko (SAPMO, DY 30/3605, pp. 227–9: Podgorny to Ulbricht by phone, 29 Oct. 1964; Brezhnev, p. 96). Test rapprochement: Aleksandrov — Agentov, pp. 113–18; Kapitsa 1996, pp. 75–6; Troyanovsky interviews. Chervonenko recalled: interview.

6 –480 Malinovsky episode: Kudashev (interpreter), pp. 198–9; Aleksandrov — Agentov, pp. 168–9; Arbatov (citing Andropov), p. 114; interviews with Kudashev, Kapitsa, Troyanovsky (present); record of Chou — Brezhnev talks, 8 Nov. 1964, in Jin Chongji et al. 1998, pp. 827–8; Yang Mingwei, pp. 389–90; interpreter Yan Mingfu’s recollection, in Han Taihua, pp. 757–9. Marshal’s uniform: interview with Yan Mingfu, 14 Mar. 1998. Chou sat up all night: ibid.

7 Lacked effective anti-tank: Li & Hao, pp. 273–4, 324. Artificial mountains: ibid., pp. 256–7.