Mao: The Unknown Story

15 “We felt”: Wang Yi, in Han Taihua, p. 667. False concessions: Liu 1993, p. 573; ZDJC vol. 23, pp. 117–18, 132; Cong Jin, pp. 236–8. “anti-Party clique”: interviews with Li Rui, 1993–8; with the widows of two of the four-man “anti-Party clique,” Lo Fu (7 Sept. 1998) and Zhou Xiaozhou (16 Oct. 1993); Song Xiaomeng; Huang Kecheng; Zhou Xiaozhou Biography team.

16 Lin “has invented”: CWB, no. 11, p. 159 (28 Nov. 1968). Deng “estimated 10 million”: Cong Jin, pp. 393–4. “No. 2 Illness”: Becker, p. 200. Flagellating doctors: interview with a doctor for the leaders, 22 Sept. 1994.

17 Mao’s ex-wife: interviews with her friends (Zeng Zhi, 24 Sept. 1994; Liu Ying, 7 Sept. 1998) and Mao’s messenger, Apr. 1996; Shui Jing, pp. 211–28; Wang Xingjuan 1993, pp. 67–85; 155–6; 209–13, 221.

CHAPTER 42 The Tibetans Rebel

1 Mao — Stalin 1950: CWB, nos. 6–7, p. 9. Stalin: “ethnic Chinese”: FEA, no. 4, 1996, p. 69 (to Liu, 28 June 1949). Policy in early 1950s: Mao cables, Mao 1987–98, vol. 1, pp. 475–7 (23 Aug. 1950), 488–9 (two on 29 Aug. 1950); vol. 2, pp. 451–2 (13 Sept. 1951); vol. 3, pp. 493 (11 July & 18 Aug. 1952), 583–4 (8 Oct. 1952). Le Yuhong, in Han Taihua, pp. 246–82; CCP Tibet Committee; Tsering Shakya, pp. 33ff.

2 Mao — Dalai Lama talks: interview with the Dalai Lama, 11 Feb. 1999; Dalai Lama, pp. 88–9, 91, 97–100.

3 Dalai Lama applies to join CCP: Dalai Lama, p. 90; Dalai Lama interview. Mao — Dalai Lama correspondence: Mao letter of 24 Nov. 1955, Mao 1987–98, vol. 5, pp. 451–2. Kham: Mao 1987–98, vol. 6, pp. 113–14, 265–6; CCP Tibet Committee; Su Yu Biography team, pp. 923–8; interview with eyewitnesses, Sept. 1997.

4 –447 24 June 1958: Mao 1987–98, vol. 7, pp. 286–7, cf. p. 176. 22 Jan. 1959: Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, pp. 10–11. “The bigger the upheaval”: Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, pp. 46–7 (18 Feb. 1959: E: in Wolff 2000, p. 59). Let Dalai Lama escape: CCP Tibet Committee, p. 87. “wipe them out”: CCP Tibet Committee, pp. 90–1. Mao inquiries: Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, pp. 198–9. Media campaign: Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, p. 234; RR, 30 Apr. 1959.

5 Chou acknowledged: Cong Jin, p. 452.

6 –448 All quotes and descriptions: Panchen Lama (page numbers in order of quotes), pp. 26, 96, III, 20–1, 93, 86, 109, 33, 107, 56, 87, 44, 45, 50, 97 (E: 29, 30, 112, 24, 102, 85, 189–90, 90, 102, 51, 52, 105, 113).

7 Palden Gyatso: interview, 10 Feb. 1999; Palden Gyatso, p. 78.

8 Mao “greatly displeased”: Panchen Lama press conference, RR, 5 Apr. 1988; CCP Tibet Committee, pp. 141, 153, 167.

CHAPTER 43 Maoism Goes Global

1 Sidewinder: Khrushchev, S. 2000, pp. 269, 271–2; Khrushchev, N. 1990, p. 151; id. 1977, vol. 2, pp. 319–20.

2 –451 “rule the world”: Khrushchev, N. 1977, vol. 1, p. 504. Aid for Bomb stops: Khrushchev, S., pp. 270–1; Kapitsa 1996, p. 63; interview with Kapitsa, who drafted 20 June letter; Gobarev, pp. 25ff; Negin & Smirnov, pp. 3–13; Goncharenko, pp. 157–9; Zazerskaya 1997, pp. 177–8. Not fatal blow: Arkhipov, Kapitsa interviews; Gobarev, pp. 30–1; Song Renqiong, p. 355. “avoid … ‘rut’ ”: Wolff, p. 69 (Suslov, 24 Dec. 1959); cf. Taubman 1996–7, pp. 244, 248. “but believe in us”: Dec. 1959, Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, p. 601 (E: in Wolff, p. 74); Qiu Shi, vol. 2, p. 551. 1,010 blueprints: Filatov, pp. 114–15.

3 –452 Formulated a policy: Dec. 1959, Mao 1987–98, vol. 8, pp. 600–1 (E: Wolff, p. 73); Wu Lengxi 1999, pp. 234–5, 254–5. CIA: FRUS 1958–1960 vol. 19, p. 521 (Feb. 1959 National Intelligence Estimate). de Beauvoir: Chen Xuezhao, p. 43; de Beauvoir, pp. 427, 429, 518, 119.