Mao: The Unknown Story

14 Staffer claims: Rakhmanin, p. 80.

15 Kim death: interview with a Russian insider, 21 June 1995.

16 –370 Stalin’s successors: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, pp. 288–90; Torkunov, pp. 272ff; AVPRF, 06/12a/59/395, pp. 4ff; Zazerskaya 1997, p. 173. Goal of Chou’s trip: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 290; Lewis & Xue 1988, p. 43; Hinton, p. 227; Gobarev, pp. 16–20. Beria to Malenkov: CWB no. 11, p. 182; interview with Colonel Karpov (FSB), confirming authenticity, Moscow, June 1999.

17 Peking claim: Military Science Academy, p. 150. Russian generals: interviews with Sozinov (29 Apr. 1992) and Selivanov (24 Apr. 1992).

18 Molotov wrote: CWB no. 11, p. 182. Harsh message: ibid., p. 183. Ambassador Razuvayev: Sozinov interview. Kuznetsov report: CWB no. 11, p. 183; cf. AVPRF 06/12a/59/395, p. 11 (Kuznetsov to Moscow, 11 May 1953). End the war: 12 May 1953, Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 299; follow-up activities: pp. 301–4.

19 60,000 South: Volokhova, pp. 86, 89.

20 CWB no. 11, p. 184.

21 1 million: Beria 1994, p. 402. An-ying fainted: interview with a household member, 23 Oct. 1995. Secretary observed: Ye Zilong, in ZQZS vol. 2, pp. 233–4.

22 Brownell: conversation, 17 Nov. 1988. 400,000 deaths: Kojima, pp. 78–9 (Liu and Deng to Japanese, 3 Mar. 1966); AQSh, f. 14, 1966, d. 31, p. 14 (Kang Sheng to Hoxha, 28 Oct. 1966).

23 As though he were alive: interview with a family member, 14 & 15 Apr. 1999.

CHAPTER 36 Launching the Secret Superpower Program

1 15 June: Zhou 1997, vol. 1, p. 309. “the essence”: ZDJC vol. 22, pp. 457–8. “We will make it”: 14 May 1955, in Wang Dongxing 1997, p. 21. “we can overtake”: 17 Nov. 1957, Mao CCRM, vol.11A, p. 212.

2 –374 “future generations”: Mao 1990, pp. 204–6. To his entourage: Li & Yang, pp. 123–4. Indifferent about heir: interview with a family member, 23 Oct. 1995. Stalin: “unbalanced”: CWB, nos. 6–7, pp. 15–16. Official statistics: Finance Ministry, vol. 2, p. 436.

3 –375 “boils down”: 17 Feb. 1955, Zhou 1997, vol. 1, pp. 449–50. “the main exports”: China Today 1992, vol. 2, pp. 8–9. “Frankly speaking”: 30 Sept. 1956, Mao 1994, p. 273. Oct. 1953 instruction: China Today 1992, vol. 1, pp. 15–16.

4 CWB nos. 6–7, pp. 15, 16.

5 July 1954 order: ibid., p. 16.

6 Chou told German: interview with a former East German official, Nov. 1999. “Nothing to”: Mao CCRM, vol. 1, p. 229. “one bottom”: Reminiscences about Deng Zihui, p. 337. Mao as head of camp: Kapitsa 1996, p. 58; Kapitsa interview; Tálas, p. 45; Pravda, 15 Feb. 1955 (Molotov). Romania: Pei Jianzhang, p. 51. Hungary: ibid., p. 54. East Germany: ibid., p. 70; Mao letter, 16 Oct. 1953, Mao 1987–98, vol. 4, p. 362.

7 –377 Lift food rationing: Wang Taiping 1998, p. 292; interview with Horst Brie, 22 Nov. 1999. Responded grandly: Pei Jianzhang, p. 69. Great Wall: Meissner, pp. 85, 87 (Mao — Ulbricht, 16 Oct. 1956). 6.92 percent: China Today 1989, p. 68. “About 10 percent”: Mao 1987–98, vol. 4, pp. 197–8. “So be it”: 12 Aug. 1953, Mao 1977, p. 97.

8 Liu quotes: Liu 1993, pp. 169, 181–2, 204–5.

9 –379 Secretary recalled: Liu Zhende, pp. 23–4. “never thought so”: 4 Nov. 1953, Mao 1977, p. 122. Liu in the hospital: his widow Wang Guangmei’s reply to written questions (via secretary by phone), 16 Apr. 1999; AVPRF, 06/12–a/59/395, p. 2 (Mao — Panyushkin, 4 Mar. 1953). No public appearances: RR, 5–10 Mar. 1953. Menacing letter: Mao 1987–98, vol. 4, pp. 229–30 (E: Kau & Leung, p. 346).