Mao: The Unknown Story

10 –311 Wire run through nose: Zhong Kan, p. 101. “entire families”: Sang Ye, pp. 13, 14–15. Reports to Mao: Central Archive 1981, pp. 101, 129. Mao saw: Zhao Guilai, pp. 237–9. “Everyone is terrified”: Central Archive 1981, p. 129. 10 percent: ibid., pp. 121, 124.

11 Melby, p. 243 (17 Oct. 1947).

12 –312 Shandong to bear logistics: Su Yu on Huai — Hai campaign, DDWX, 1989, no. 6., p. 10. Second land reform: Zhong Kan, pp. 103–5; Gao 2001, p. 242. An-ying under Kang Sheng: Shi Zhe 1992, p. 224; Jin Zhenlin, pp. 199, 225. An-ying diaries: 14 Apr., 5 & 6 Nov. 1947, handwritten, unpublished.

13 –313 Wrote to father: Jin Zhenlin, p. 210. An-ying notes about rallies: 16 Dec. 1947, handwritten, unpublished. Circulated reports: 9 & 20 Jan. 1948, Central Archive 1981, pp. 98–102, 128–31. Mao wrote Liu: ibid., pp. 261–2.

14 Liu caved in: Liu speech, and Mao remarks at Politburo, 13 Sept. 1948, DDWX, 1989, no. 5, pp. 8–9; Liu, 12 Mar. 1949, Liu 1981, p. 419 (E: Liu, SW vol. 1, p. 417). Nationalist captain: Hsu Chen 1987, pp. 341–3.

15 Nationalist student wrote: Zhuanji wenxue (Biographical Literature), Taipei, no. 245, pp. 28–30. Mao told Mikoyan: APRF, 31/1/31, 31 Jan. 1949. Russian consul noted: Malukhin 1989, pp. 30–1; cf. AVPRF, 0100/43/302/4, p. 118 (Tikhvinsky report, 26 Jan. 1950). Lin Biao told Russians: AVPRF, 0100/43/302/4, p. 130 (Tikhvinsky report, 26 Jan. 1950); cf. Kulik 1994, p. 117.

16 –315 Chiang to ancestral home: our visit to Xikou, Nov. 2000; Chiang, pp. 3632–3; entourage memoirs, in WZX, no. 66, pp. 84–90. Mao issued order: 6 May 1949, Mao 1993–9, vol. 5, p. 290. Mao — Stalin exchange re Taiwan: Kovalev 1992a, p. 108; Ledovsky 1996a, p. 71 (Liu report to Stalin, 4 July 1949); cf. Goncharov et al., p. 70. No scorched-earth: Song Honggang, pp. 302ff., China Today 1993, p. 24. “Old Mr. Chiang”: Lu Keng, p. 180.

17 Ledovsky 1996a, p. 69 (Stalin to Liu, 27 June 1949); id., 1996b, pp. 89–91 (Mao cable 25 July 1949); cf. Goncharov et al., pp. 69–70.

18 “Labour University”: Zhang Suizhi, p. 71; CCP Beijing Haidian Committee, p. 248. System so slick: Berezhkov, pp. 365–6.

19 de Segonzac, p. 115.

20 Mrs. Lo Fu described: Liu Ying, p. 154.

21 The only speech: Mao 1993–9, vol. 6, pp. 1–2; sound recording issued.

CHAPTER 31 Totalitarian State, Extravagant Lifestyle

1 “man without law”: New China (USA), summer 1975, p. 27 (Chou, 1971 interview with W. Hinton); Snow 1974, p. 149 (Mao, 10 Dec. 1970). “demand for further”: Bao & Chelminski, pp. 78–9, 100. “campaign to suppress”: Mao orders, CCP Archive Study Office & Central Archive, 1949–52, pp. 235–49. His police chief: Huang & Zhang, p. 263. “small Chiang Kai-sheks”: Mao 1977, p. 317 (E: Kau & Leung, p. 163). “massive arrests”: 24 Mar. 1951, Mao 1987–98, vol. 2, p. 192. Criticized one province: ibid., pp. 62–3.

2 –319 30 Mar.: ibid., p. 202. Peking alone: Han Yanlong, p. 95. Woman from Britain: Cheo Ying, pp. 56–61. Trucks dripping blood: Loh, p. 66. “labour force”: 8 May 1951, Mao 1987–98, vol. 2, p. 281 (E: Kau & Leung, p. 189). Lao-gai: interviews with ex-inmates; Bao & Chelminski; Rummel, pp. 228–33 (estimates).

3 700,000: Mao, 27 Feb. 1957, Mao CCRM, vol. 1, p. 198 (E: MacFarquhar et al., p. 142).

4 –320 Report to Mao: Mao 1987–98, vol. 2, p. 115. Bizarre alert: Huang & Zhang, p. 261.

5 10 million: Rummel, p. 232; Margolin, p. 498. Soviet diplomat: Ledovsky 1990, p. 128; cf. ibid., pp. 96–7, 99; Kulik 1994, esp. pp. 120–2.

6 –321 A small landowner: Yuan Maogeng, pp. 13–80. Mao repeatedly said: Apr. 1956, Mao CCRM, vol. 1, p. 138; 24 Mar. 1951, Mao 1987–98, vol. 2, p. 192. Execution of two foreigners: Lum, pp. 83ff; Domenach 1992, pp. 74, 654, n. 37.