Читаем Fascist Pigs: Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism полностью

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Plant Breeding, 64, 75, 84, 92, 130, 157

Karakul

Alessandria flock, 207, 208, 211

and artificial insemination, 211–216, 226

curl type and patterns, 194, 195, 197, 199, 200

as experimental object, 196

Experiment Station in Krijow Rog, 190, 191, 230

Experimental Post in Angola, 220–232

furs, 186, 187, 196, 221

Halle flock, 191–193, 199, 204, 205, 207, 211, 225

In Italian East Africa, 211, 214, 215

and Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Animal Breeding, 191–193

and Lusotropicalism, 224, 225

in Libya, 211

model farm in Giggiga, 215–217, 230

and purity, 226

register, 198, 199

as research object, 196, 197

reservation, 221, 222, 227

in South West Africa, 200–205, 217

in South West Angola, 220, 221, 226, 230

Koch, Eric, 190

Köhler, Erich, 96, 98

Kohler, Robert, 10, 196

Kok-sagyz, Taraxacum, 156–160, 163–167, 238

Körner, Helmut, 185, 188

Kronacher, Carl, 124, 125

Kühn, Julius, 199, 200, 204

Kuvale, 218–220, 226–229, 232

Labanca, Nicola, 209

Larebo, Haile, 146

Latour, Bruno, 29, 238

Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute, 213

Lessona, Alessandro, 153

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 224

Lima, Linhares, 49, 51

List of approved varieties, imperial, 79–81, 84, 86, 92

Lucena, Manuel de, 49

Luso-Integralism (Integralismo Lusitano), 43–46

Maiocco, Francesco, 205–208, 211, 214–216

Malaparte, Curzio, 16

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 230

Mann, Michael, 4

Maugini, Armando, 145–150, 168

Maurras, Charles, 43

Mazower, Mark, 157

Meyer, Konrad, 121, 123, 188

Model organisms, 10, 11, 196, 197, 240, 241

Mondlane, Eduardo, 172

Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 195

Mozambique

colonial economy, 170, 171, 178

guerrilla war in, 172, 181

Mucubai, 218–220, 226–229, 232

Müller, Karl Otto, 90–95

Müller-Wille, Staffan, 118

Mussolini, Benito, 5, 21–25, 40, 42, 47, 138, 140, 143, 144, 155, 205–210, 214, 215

Nama, 200

National Agricultural Experiment Station (Estação Agronómica Nacional), 57–68, 168, 169, 230

National Federation of Wheat Producers (Federação Nacional de Produtores de Trigo), 48, 49, 58–61

National Grain Exhibition, 42

National Institute of Genetics for Grain Cultivation, 32, 36, 38

National Institute of Rabbit Breeding, 205–208, 211

National Propaganda Secretariat (Secretariado de Propaganda Nacional), 67, 68

Nazism as colonialism, 137–140, 156–160, 166, 167, 188, 190, 205

New Order, 141, 167, 183, 190, 238

New State, Portuguese, 4, 63

and colonialism, 137–140, 170, 171, 182, 183, 217, 218, 223, 224, 227

corporatist structure, 48, 49, 59, 61, 62

Novelli, Novello, 24

Nutritional freedom, 106, 115, 124–126, 133

Ontology, 13–16

Opera Nazionale Combatenti, 154

Panorama, 67, 68

Parnell, F., 175

Pedigree selection, 27, 28, 163

Pereira, Manuel dos Santos, 220–230

Phenogenetics, 194, 195

Pigs

Edelschwein, 109–113, 122–125

feeds, 128–130, 133

fattening performance testing centers, 112, 113, 121

pedigree breeders, 116, 117

performance register, 118, 119

performance tests, 111–114, 117–125, 130, 131, 134

subsistence breeders, 116

veredelte Landschwein, 110–113, 121–125

Plant patent act, American, 85, 86

Plant protection decree, 90

Plant Protection Service (Pflanzenschutzdienst), 74

Poggi, Tito, 24

Pohl, Oswald, 160, 190

Potato beetle, 86–90, 95, 98

Potato blight, 90–94

Potato sprout test, 79

Potato virus, 95–98

Potato wart, 75–79, 98

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 185, 188, 191

Puccinia graminis (wheat rust), 27, 55, 58, 147

Pure line, 10, 11, 28, 32, 56, 57, 147

Quintanilha, Aurélio, 168, 169, 172, 173, 176, 178, 182

Race and Settlement Office of SS, 104, 163

Rader, Karen, 10

Rajsko camp, 144, 163

Rathenau, Walther, 105, 106

Razza, Luigi, 24

Rebelo, José Pequito, 43–47, 53, 54, 63, 66

Reich Labor Service (Reichsarbeitdienst), 88

Reichsnährstand (Imperial Food Estate), 13, 82–88, 98, 99, 106, 115–122, 128, 129, 236

Reichsthingplatz, 236, 238, 240

Research Institute for Potato Cultivation, 75

Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg, 2, 3, 10, 94, 118, 196

Riehm, Eduard, 84

Rieti wheat, 27, 28

Römer, Theodor, 102, 130

Rootedness in the soil, 13, 105, 123, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 236, 237, 240

Rosenberg, Alfred, 185, 190

Rothamsted Experiment Station, 78

Royal Experiment Station of Wheat Cultivation in Rieti, 27, 30, 31, 32, 36

Rubber, 156–158, 162, 163, 166, 167

SAFNI (S.A. Fertilizzanti Naturali Italia), 25

Salazar, António de Oliveira, 5, 43, 49–53, 61, 63, 138, 168–172, 217, 223

Salvi, Sergio, 33

Sanusiya order, 144, 209, 210, 214

Sardinha, António, 44

Sauckel, Fritz, 159, 160, 164

Schick, Rudolf, 92

Schmidt, Jonas, 113, 118, 120–125, 128, 135

Schwartz, Martin, 87

Schweinemord (pig slaughter), 105, 106

Seed act, federal, 85

Seed decree, Nazi, 79, 80, 84, 86

Selassie, Haile, 153, 155, 217

Sidi Mesri Experiment Station, 211, 212

Sloterdijk, Peter, 239

Snell, K., 79

South West Africa, 200–204, 220, 225, 233

South West Angola, 217, 218, 220, 233

Speer, Albert, 19, 236, 238

SS (Schutzstaffel), 104, 159, 160, 162, 167, 185, 190, 201

Stahl, Hans, 157–159

Stalin, Joseph, 156, 157

Stapp, Carl, 98

Strampelli, Carlotta, 31

Strampelli, Nazareno, 24, 27, 40, 41, 42

and association of seed reproducers, 35–37

and Carlotta Strampelli strain, 31, 32

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Все книги серии Inside Technology

Fascist Pigs: Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism
Fascist Pigs: Technoscientific Organisms and the History of Fascism

In the fascist regimes of Mussolini's Italy, Salazar's Portugal, and Hitler's Germany, the first mass mobilizations involved wheat engineered to take advantage of chemical fertilizers, potatoes resistant to late blight, and pigs that thrived on national produce. Food independence was an early goal of fascism; indeed, as Tiago Saraiva writes in Fascist Pigs, fascists were obsessed with projects to feed the national body from the national soil. Saraiva shows how such technoscientific organisms as specially bred wheat and pigs became important elements in the institutionalization and expansion of fascist regimes. The pigs, the potatoes, and the wheat embodied fascism. In Nazi Germany, only plants and animals conforming to the new national standards would be allowed to reproduce. Pigs that didn't efficiently convert German-grown potatoes into pork and lard were eliminated.Saraiva describes national campaigns that intertwined the work of geneticists with new state bureaucracies; discusses fascist empires, considering forced labor on coffee, rubber, and cotton in Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Eastern Europe; and explores fascist genocides, following Karakul sheep from a laboratory in Germany to Eastern Europe, Libya, Ethiopia, and Angola.Saraiva's highly original account — the first systematic study of the relation between science and fascism — argues that the "back to the land" aspect of fascism should be understood as a modernist experiment involving geneticists and their organisms, mass propaganda, overgrown bureaucracy, and violent colonialism.Inside Technologyedited by Wiebe E. Bijker, W. Bernard Carlson, and Trevor J. PinchA list of the series appears at the back of the book.

Tiago Saraiva

История

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