Far and Away: Reporting from the Brink of Change

308 The quote “I could not even die with this baby inside me . . .” comes from Wax, op. cit.

308 The quote “To be taken as a wife is a form of death . . .” comes from Nowrojee, op. cit.

308 The quote from Catherine Bonnet occurs in Nowrojee, op. cit., page 79, citing to Bonnet’s paper “Le viol des femmes survivantes du génocide du Rwanda,” in Rwanda: Un génocide du XXe siècle (1995), page 18.

308 The quote from Godeliève Mukasarasi (“The women who have had children after being raped are the most marginalized . . .”) comes from Nowrojee, op. cit.

308 The work of Avega is described in Alexandra Topping, “Widows of the genocide: How Rwanda’s women are rebuilding their lives,” Guardian, April 7, 2014.

309 Jean Damascène Ndayambaje examines psychological roots of the Rwandan genocide in his thesis, “Le genocide au Rwanda: Une analyse psychologique” (National University of Rwanda, 2001).

310 The loaded baby names chosen by some Rwandan rape survivors are catalogued in Wax, op. cit.

319 Figures on annual growth of GDP and ease of doing business in Rwanda rely on “Rwanda overview,” World Bank, October 6, 2015; and “Ease of doing business in Rwanda,” World Bank, 2015.

319 Assassinations, atrocities, invasions, and exploitation by Paul Kagame’s regime are outlined in Howard W. French, “Kagame’s hidden war in the Congo,” New York Review of Books, September 24, 2009; Judi Rever and Geoffrey York, “Assassination in Africa: Inside the plots to kill Rwanda’s dissidents,” Globe & Mail, May 2, 2014; Siobhan O’Grady, “Former Rwandan official worries that Kagame’s administration is backsliding into mass murder,” Foreign Policy, September 29, 2014; and Global Campaign for Rwandan Human Rights, “Crimes and repression vs. development in Rwanda: President Paul Kagame’s many shadows,” Africa Faith & Justice Network, July 13, 2015.

319 Information on relative rates of political exclusion, and the reference to Rwanda as “a country on lockdown,” come from Marc Sommers, “The darling dictator of the day,” New York Times, May 27, 2012.

319 The claim that Paul Kagame sought to abolish term limits in Rwanda in response to “popular demand” comes from Agence France-Presse, “US opposes third term for Rwanda’s Kagame: Diplomat,” Guardian (Nigeria), June 5, 2015. The success of his campaign is reported in Clement Uwiringiyimana, “Rwandan parliament agrees to extend Kagame’s rule,” Reuters, October 29, 2015. The referendum required to approve extension of term limits is described in British Broadcasting Corporation, “Paul Kagame’s third term: Rwanda referendum on 18 December,” BBC News, December 9, 2015.

319 The inability of Rwanda’s Green Party to obtain legal counsel for a lawsuit challenging the abolition of term limits is reported in Agence France-Presse, “Rwanda opposition says can’t find lawyer for Kagame 3rd term case—one said ‘God was against it,’ ” Mail & Guardian, July 8, 2015.

Circle of Fire: Letter from Libya

356 For contemporary reports on the attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, see Associated Press, “Assault on U.S. consulate in Benghazi leaves 4 dead, including U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens,” Associated Press / CBS News, September 12, 2012; Luke Harding and Chris Stephen, “Chris Stevens, US ambassador to Libya, killed in Benghazi attack,” Guardian, September 12, 2012; and David Kirkpatrick and Steven Lee Myers, “Libya attack brings challenges for U.S.,” New York Times, September 12, 2012. In 2015, former secretary of state Hillary Clinton defended her actions prior to and following the attack before the US Congress; see Byron Tau and Peter Nicholas, “Hillary Clinton defends actions in Benghazi,” Wall Street Journal, October 22, 2015; and Stephen Collinson, “Marathon Benghazi hearing leaves Hillary Clinton largely unscathed,” CNN Politics, October 23, 2015.

356 The capture of Sirte by ISIL (also known as ISIS or Daesh) forces is reported in “ISIL ‘brutally’ quells rebellion in Libya’s Sirte,” Al Jazeera, August 17, 2015.

356 The relationship between ethnic conflict and human trafficking is explored in Callum Paton, “Libya: Scores killed in ethnic clashes for control of south’s people-trafficking routes,” International Business Times, July 23, 2015.

356 Amnesty International documented the assassination of hundreds of Libyan citizens by Islamist forces in “The state of the world’s human rights,” Amnesty International, March 11, 2015.