– Простой инфинитив в пассивном залоге – Passive Infinitive – (to) be + Verb (-ed) or Verb (III) – употребляется, когда действие, которое он выражает, является безотносительным ко времени совершения действия и имеет то же значение, что и обычные глаголы в Passive Voice.
I like to be given presents. (действие безотносительное ко времени) –
Everybody wants to be loved.
There is a lot of work to be done.
She ought to be told about it.
This letter seems to be written in pencil.
– Совершённыйинфинитиввпассивномзалоге – Perfect Passive Infinitive – (to) + have been + Verb (-ed) or Verb (III) – имеет то же значение, что и обычные глаголы в Passive Voice.
They were lucky – they could have been killed.
This letter seems to have been written long before it was discovered.
Использование инфинитива без частицы to
1. После модальных глаголов:
We can manage it.
We must get someone to paint the roof.
You may go now.
2. После модальных конструкций (would rather, had better):
You had better consult a doctor.
I would rather go alone.
3. После глагола do, используемого в качестве усилительного глагола:
I do admit that I was wrong.
But you did say that!
4. С глаголом let в значении
Let him go.
Let me help you with the translation.
5. В сочетаниях с глаголами восприятия to see, to hear, to watch и другими, если они не стоят в страдательном залоге:
I saw her light the lamp.
We heard her sing a song.
We watched them play.
She was heard to sing a song.
6. После глагола make в значении
They made me wait.
He made me come.
She was made to pay back the money.
7. После глагола help допускается опускать частицу to:
She helped the child (to) lift the box.
He was helped to lift the box.
8. После союзов and, or, except, but, than, as, like в случае, когда они используются для соединения двух инфинитивов:
It is as easy to smile as frown.
Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later?