Вредно для несовершеннолетних

15. See, e.g., Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants, and Natural Selection (New York: Pantheon, 1999).

16. Philippe Ariès, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (New York: Vintage Books, 1962).

17. J. H. Plumb, "The New World of Children in 18th-Century England," Past and Present 67 (1975): 66.

18. Quoted in Alan Prout and Allison James, "A New Paradigm for the Sociology of Childhood?" in Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood, ed. Allison James and Alan Prout (London: Falmer, 1990), 17.

19. Karin Calvert, Children in the House: The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 1600-1900 (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992).

20. Marina Warner, "Little Angels, Little Monsters," in her Six Myths of Our Time (New York: Vintage Books, 1994).

21. James R. Kincaid, Child-Loving: The Erotic Child and Victorian Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992).

22. Philip J. Greven, "Family Structure in Seventeenth-Century Andover, Massachusetts," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d series, 23 (1966): 234-56. In any period "the most sensitive register of maturity is the age at marriage," wrote Greven. It could be argued that this is no longer true. However, the legal age of marriage may be read as a register of ideologies that define immaturity. In America, though that age has ranged from as young as twelve, it was not until the late Progressive Era that policymakers perceived a "child marriage problem," and the legal marriage age crept into the midteens in a number of states. Kristie Lindenmeyer, "Adolescent Pregnancy in the 20th Century U.S.," paper delivered at the Carleton Conference on the History of the Family, Ottawa, May 15, 1997.

23. Deborah Gray White, Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1985), 106.

24. John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 12-14, 43.

25. G. Stanley Hall, Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education (New York: D. Appleton, 1904).

26. Kincaid, Child Loving, 126-27.

27. Warner, "Little Angels, Little Monsters," 55-56.

28. Susheela Singh and Jacqueline E. Darroch, "Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing: Levels and Trends in Developed Countries," Alan Guttmacher Institute report, February 2000.

29. A summary of many studies found an average prevalence for non-sexual dating violence of 22 percent among high school students and 32 percent among college students. D. B. Sugarman and G. T. Hotaling, "Dating Violence: Prevalence, Context, and Risk Markers," in M. A. Pirog-Good and J. E. Stets, eds., Violence in Dating Relationships (New York: Praeger, 1989), 3-32. One study showed that teenage girls were almost three times more likely to suffer a beating at the hands of a date than were teenage males. M. O'Keefe and C. Treister, "Victims of Dating Violence among High School Students," Violence against Women 4 (1998): 193-228.

30. SIECUS, SHOP (School Health Opportunities and Progress) Talk Bulletin 4, no. 1 (March 19, 1999).

31. Bill Alexander, "Adolescent HIV Rates Soar; Government Piddles," Youth Today (March/April 1997): 29.

32. They were down 44 percent in the first six months of 1997 compared with 1996. Lawrence K. Altman, "AIDS Deaths Drop 48% in New York," New York Times, February 3, 1998, A1.

33. These people probably contracted HIV in their teens. Philip J. Hilts, "AIDS Deaths Continue to Rise in 25-44 Age Group, U.S. Says," New York Times, January 16, 1996, A22.

34. Annie E. Casey Foundation Annual Report 1997 (Baltimore: Annie E. Casey Foundation, 1997).

35. "Facts about Adolescents and HIV/AIDS," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, Atlanta, Ga., March 1998.

36. Lawrence K. Altman, "Study in 6 Cities Finds HIV in 30% of Young Black Gays," New York Times, February 6, 2001.

1. Censorship

1. People for the American Way, Attacks on the Freedom to Learn (Washington, D.C.: People for the American Way, 1996).

2. Marc Silver, with Katherine T. Beddingfield and Kenan Pollack, "Sex, Violence and the Tube," U.S. News and World Report (September 1993): 76-79.