Tolstoy

Russian Museum, St Petersburg, / The Bridgeman Art Library: 22; Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow / The Bridgeman Art Library: 11, 12, 14; Leah Bendavid-Val, Song Without Words: The Photographs & Diaries of Countess Sophia Tolstoy, Washington, DC, 2007: 15; M. Loginova et al, L. N. Tolstoi: Dokumenty. Rukopisi. Fotografii, Moscow, 1995: 1–7, 10, 16–18, 20, 21; S. M. Tolstoi, Tolstoi i Tolstye: ocherki iz istorii roda, Moscow, 1990: 9, 19

ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT

L. N. Tolstoi, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, ed. V. G Chertkov, 90 vols, Moscow, 1928–58, vol 20: 4; vol. 22: 3; M. Loginova et al, L. N. Tolstoi: Dokumenty. Rukopisi. Fotografii, Moscow, 1995: 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, 15; S. M. Tolstoi, Tolstoi i Tolstye: ocherki iz istorii roda, Moscow, 1990, : 1, 8, 13; Yury Bitovt, Graf L. N. Tolstoi v karrikaturakh i anekdotakh, Moscow, 1908: 9; P. N. Krasnov and L. M. Vol’f, eds., Gr. Lev Tolstoi: velikii pisatel’ zemli russkoi v portretakh, grayurakh, zhivopisi, skul’pture, karikaturakh i t d., Moscow, 1903: 12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many people have helped me in various ways during the writing of this book, and I should like to thank: Catherine Clarke; Peter Carson, Penny Daniel, Trevor Horwood and Valentina Zanca; everyone at the Taylor Bodleian Slavonic Library in Oxford, in particular Jenny Griffiths; Gabriel Amherst, Paul and Hilary Bartlett, Clem Cecil, Olga Dubova, Jane Eagan, Michael Earley, Roberta di Giorgi, Candida Ghidini, Monika Greenleaf, Peter Greenleaf, Alexander Hoare, Lara Lamb, Inessa Medzhibovskaya, Nina Lobanov-Rostovsky, Judith Luna, Quentin Newark, Tom Newlin, Janet Phillips, Jennie de Protani, Damiano Rebecchini, Laura Rossi, Zoya Serebrennikova, Nick Star-gardt, Vladimir Tarnopolsky, Lucy and Tom Walker and Nana Zhvitiashvili. Special thanks to David Tietjen.

INDEX

Figures in italics indicate captions.

A

About, Edmond 178, 281

Abramovich, Maria Ivanovna 163, 258

Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Moscow 368

Adrian, Patriarch 382–3

Aesop’s fables (trans. by T) 4, 190, 354–5

‘The Frog and the Lion’ 195–6

Afanasiev, Alexander 193

Agafya Mikhailovna (Pelageya Nikolayevna Tolstaya’s servant), 39, 156, 205, 311

Ahmed III, Sultan 15

Aix-les-Bains 241

Aksakov, Ivan 247

Aksakov, Konstantin 124–5

Aksakov, Sergey 124–5

Aksakova, Anna (née Tyutcheva) 138, 201, 247

Alarm Clock, The 296

Albertini-Sukhotina, Tatyana Mikhailovna (‘Tatyana Tatyanovna’

T’s granddaughter) 35, 403

Aleutian Islands 50

Alexander I, Tsar of Russia 62, 70, 99, 165, 167, 171

Alexander II, Tsar of Russia 13, 75, 87, 112, 122, 127, 128, 143, 145, 153, 165, 183, 215, 217, 247, 257, 270, 275, 288, 291, 306, 330, 331

Alexander III, Tsar of Russia 17, 228, 252, 288, 306, 324, 329, 331, 332–3, 339, 343–4, 349, 353, 365, 386, 387, 392

Alexander Nevsky (frigate) 176

Alexandra, Queen 371

Alexandra Fyodorovna, Empress Consort 392, 398

Alexey Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia 16

Alexeyev, Vasily 258–65, 288, 289, 292, 294, 306, 321

Alexy, Patriarch of Moscow 453

All-Russian Central Executive Committee 446

Alma, Battle of (1854) 109

Alyosha Popovich (bogatyr) 65, 66, 193

Ambrosy, Elder 254, 255–8, 280, 290

animal rights 8, 334

Anke Cake 321–2

Anna Ioannovna, Empress 276

‘ant brothers’ 52, 53, 54

anti-vivisectionists 374

Antony of Egypt, St 192

Antony of St Petersburg, Metropolitan 387, 388, 390, 396

The Arabian Nights: Tales from a Thousand and One Nights 41, 64

Arbuzov, Pavel 205

Arbuzov, Sergey 205, 289

Arbuzova, Maria Afanasievna 205

aristocracy

nouveau-riche 21

freed from compulsory state service 24, 27

T on moral duties of 81

T as a ‘repentant nobleman’ 3, 78, 127

T renounces his aristocratic birthright 78

T regards his fellow nobles as vile parasites 145

Arkhangelsk 16, 17, 19, 22, 24, 355

Armenia 108

Armfeldt, Anna 312–13, 350

Armfeldt, Natalya 313, 350

Arnold, Matthew 143, 310–11, 347

meets T 143

Literature and Dogma: An Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible 310

Arseneva, Valeria 130, 131, 132, 139

Artaxerxes II 190

Arzamas 185, 188

Assumption Cathedral, Kremlin, Moscow 62

Astapovo station 412, 414

atheism, atheists 256, 272, 284

Athenaeum Club, Pall Mall, London 142

Attila the Hun 33

Auerbach, Berthold 144, 190

A New Life 144, 189–90

Augustine, St: Confessions 285

Austerlitz, Battle of (1805) 179

Avars 100

Avdotya Nikiforovna (T’s wetnurse) 35

Avvakum, Archpriest 167, 269, 270

Azov campaigns 217

B

Bad Kissingen, Germany 141

Baden-Baden, Germany 135, 176

Bagration, Prince Pyotr Ivanovich 19