The Turing Option

“Thank you — but that was a long time ago. I’m in government now, which means that I spend most of my time looking at other people’s research.”

“A waste of talent.”

“Would you prefer a lawyer in the job?”

“God forbid. Your point taken. Now let me tell you about Brian. I have very little time. His skull is open and he is on life support. I’m waiting for the next V.I. records.”

“V.I.?”

“Volume Investigation. Infinitely better than looking at X rays or any other single type of image. It combines the results of every available type of scan — including the old tomograms and NMRs as well as the latest octopolar antibody fluorescence images. These are all churned up together in an ICAR-5367 spatial signal processing computer. This can display not only images from the patient’s data, but can also highlight or exaggerate the differences between that patient and the typical person, or changes since earlier scans of the same patient. So when the new V.I. data is ready I will have to go. Up until now it has been emergency procedures just to save Brian’s life. First total body hypothermia, then brain cooling to slow oxygen intake and all the other metabolic processes. I used anti-hemorrhage drugs, mainly RSCH, as well as anti-inflammatory hormones. With the first surgery I cleaned the wound and removed necrotic tissue and bone fragments. In order to restore the anatomy of the ventricles I was forced to sever part of the corpus callosum.”

“Isn’t that part of the connection between the two halves of the brain?”

“It is — and it was a serious, and possibly dangerous, decision. But I had no choice. So at this time the patient is really two half-brained individuals. Were he conscious this would be a disaster. But, having severed the corpus callosum cleanly, I hope to be able to reconnect the two halves completely. Tell me — what do you know about the human brain?”

“Very little — and all probably out of date since my undergraduate days.”

“Then you are completely out of date. We are at the threshold of a new era, when we will be able to call ourselves mind surgeons as well as brain surgeons. Mind is the function of the brain and we are discovering how it operates.”

“Specifically, then, in Brian’s case, how serious is the damage — and is it repairable?”

“Look here, at these earlier V.I. images, and you will see.” She pointed to the colored holograms that apparently floated in midair. The three-dimensional effect was startling — as though he was looking inside the skull itself. Snaresbrook touched a white patch, then another. “This is where the bullet went into the skull. It exited here, on the right. It passed through the cortex of the brain from side to side. The good news is that the cerebral cortex of the brain seems mostly intact, as are the central organs of the middle brain. The amygdala here appears to be undamaged, as well as most important of all, the hippocampus, this roughly seahorse-shaped organ. This is one of the most critical agencies involved in forming memories, and retrieving them. It is the powerhouse of the mind — and it wasn’t touched.”

“That’s the good news. And the bad—”

“There is some cortical damage, though not enough to be very grave. But the bullet severed a large number of bundles of nerve fibers, the white matter that makes up the largest portion of the brain. These serve to interconnect different parts of the cortex to one another — and also to connect them to other midbrain organs. This means that parts of Brian’s brain are disconnected from the data bases and other resources that they need for performing their functions. Therefore at this moment Brian has no memories at all.”

“You mean his memory is gone, destroyed?”

“No, not exactly. Look — the largest parts of his neocortex are still intact. But most of their connections are broken — see here, and here. To the rest of the brain they do not exist. The structures, the nerve connections that constitute his memories are still there — in various sections of his shattered brain. But they can’t be reached by the other parts, so they are meaningless by themselves. Like a box full of memory disks without a computer. This is a disaster since we are our memories. Now Brian is essentially mindless.”

“Then he is a… vegetable.”

“Yes — in the sense that he cannot think. You might say mat his memories have been largely disconnected from his brain computers, so that they cannot be retrieved or used. He cannot recognize things or words, faces, friends, anything. In short, so far as I can see, he no longer can think to any degree. Consider this. Other than size, one could say that there is little observable difference between most of the brain of a man and a mouse — except for those magnificent structures of our higher brain — the neocortex that evolved in the ancestors of the primates. In this present state, poor Brian, my friend and my collaborator, is little more than a selfless shell, a submammalian animal.”

“Is that it? The end?”