The New Lifetime Reading Plan

Further reading: The standard life is Jane Austen, Her Life and Letters, by W. and R.A. Austen-Leigh. See also Elizabeth Jenkins, Jane Austen; essay by Virginia Woolf in The Common Reader; Marghanita Laski, Jane Austen and Her World; John Halperin, The Life of Jane Austen; Tony Tanner, Jane Austen; Mary Lascelles, Jane Austen; David Cecil, A Portrait of Jane Austen; and two new biographies, Jane Austen: Obstinate Heart, by Valerie Grosvenor Myer and Jane Austen: A Life by David Nokes.

Stendhal—Signet's edition of The Red and the Black is good; so is the Bantam edition, tr. Lowell Bair. Charterhouse is in Penguin and Signet—the latter, tr. C. K Scott-Moncrieff, is better. University of Chicago Press publishes The Life of Henry Brulard: The Autobiography of Stendhal.

Further reading: For a sound biography in English see Matthew Josephson's Stendhal. Martin Turnell's brilliant The Novel in France offers penetrating analyses of Stendhal along with Balzac (68), Flaubert (86), and Proust (105). The excellent Lowell Bair translation of The Red and the Black contains a longish intro­duction by Clifton Fadiman. See also: Harry Levin, The Gates of Horn: A Study of Five French Realists; Storm Jameson, Speaking of Stendhal.

Honore de Balzac—Pиre Goriot is in Airmont, Signet, and Penguin (under the title Old Goriot). Eugйnie Grandet is in Penguin and Everyman. Cousin Bette is in Penguin.

Further reading: Some good biographies and studies are V.S. Pritchett, Balzac; Andrй Maurois, Prometheus: The Life of Balzac; Herbert J. Hunt, Honorй de Balzac; Stefan Zweig, Balzac. Shorter studies are to be found in Harry Levin's Toward Balzac and partic­ularly Henry James's "The Lesson of Balzac" in The Future of the Novel, ed. Leon Edel. The latter also contains estimates of Flaubert (86), Turgenev (81), Tolstoy (88), and Conrad (100).

Ralph Waldo Emerson—Good collections of the Essays are to be found in Penguin, Everyman, Modern Library, Signet, Riverside. The Library of America has an omnibus volume of Essays and Lectures.

Further reading: A standard biography is R.L. Rusk's The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. See also: Lewis Leary, Ralph Waldo Emerson: An Interpretive Essay; Van Wyck Brooks, The Flowering of New England; F.O. Matthiessen, American Renaissance; Bliss

Perry, ed., The Heart of Emerson s Journals; George Santayanas essay on Emerson in Interpretations of Poetry and Religion; Kenneth Walter Cameron, Emerson the Essayist; Stephen E. Whicher, Freedom and Fate: An Inner Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. On the transcendentalists as a group, see Carlos Baker, Emerson among the Eccentrics. See also the recent book by Robert D. Richardson, Jr. and Barry Moser, Emerson: The Mind on Fire.

Nathaniel Hawthorne—Too many editions available to war- rant listing. Penguin issues a Portable Hawthorne, and Vintage his Short Stories. The Library of America has a volume of Collected Novйis, and another of Tales and Sketches.

Further reading: One of the finest criticai works (but it requires close attention) on the major American writers of the mid-nine- teenth century is F.O. Matthiessens American Renaissance. The major emphasis is on Hawthorne, Thoreau (80), Melville (83), and Whitman (85), with good material also on Poe (75); it may be con- sulted in connection with ali of these writers. Two excellent short treatments: Mark Van Doren's Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Criticai Biography; Randall Stewart's Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. See also: Henry James's pioneering study, Hawthorne (1879); Hyatt H. Waggoner, Hawthorne: A Criticai Study; J.R. Mellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne and His Times; Arlin Turner, Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography.