Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951). Not many people get to add a word to our language, but Lewis did just that with "Babbittry," shorthand for mindless middle-class conformity and timidity. The word comes, of course, from his 1922 novel
David Lodge (1935), an English novelist and critic, is much loved by a smallish circle of readers in America; he deserves to be far bet- ter known. His work is distinguished equally by penetrating psycho- logical insight and superb literary craftsmanship. His novйis
Norman Mailer (1923- ) has spent much of his unruly life trying to live up to the machismo of his prose. He is sometimes dismissed as a braggart, and is much excoriated by feminist critics for his
aggressive masculinity both in real life and on the printed page. Nevertheless, his finest books—both of fiction and of nonfiction, such as
Andrй Malraux (1901-1976) during his lifetime enjoyed a larger- than-life reputation as a writer, archaeologist, art historian, Republican volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, and Resistance fighter; he was for ten years Minister of Culture under Charles DeGaulle. Posthumous revelations suggest that his reputation was based in part on self-promoting exaggerations; but his written work endures.
Mary McCarthy (1912-1989) was a novelist, memoirist, and critic whose work employed irony, satire and humor to comment on the position of women in American society, and whose biting, sometimes scathingly unkind (and often untrue) portraits of lightly fic- tionalized real people made her feared by her friends and enemies alike. Her best-known novel,
Carson McCullers (1917-1967) was one of a number of twenti- eth-century American writers whose work is an argument for the reality of a distinctive Southern sensibility. Her books tend to be peopled with lonely, misunderstood people trapped in a society haunted by the past and ill-adapted to the present; the surprising thing is that she was able to pursue such themes while being neither maudlin nor melodramatic. Her best-known book is
Margaret Mead (1901-1978) achieved instant celebrity as a young anthropologist when she returned from her first field research expedition and published