The Historians' History of the World 06

Beesly, A. H., The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla, London, 1877.—Beesly, Edward S., Catiline, Clodius, and Tiberius, London, 1878.—Bekker, A., Corpus Scriptorum Historiæ Byzantinæ; see Byzantine History.—Beloch, Julius, Campanien, Geschichte und Topographie des antiken Neapel und seiner Umgebung, Berlin, 1879; Breslau, 1890.—Bergk, Theodor, Kritische Bearbeitung des Monumentum Ancyranum, Göttingen, 1873.—Bethmann-Hollweg, M. A., Gerichtsverfassung und Prozess des sinkenden römischen Reiches, Bonn, 1834.—Bickersteth, A., Outlines of Roman History, London, 1891.—Binding, Karl, Geschichte des burgundisch-romanischen Königreichs, Leipsic, 1868.—Block, G., Les origines du sénat romain, Paris, 1883.—Blondel, J. E., Histoire économique de la conjuration de Catilina, Paris, 1893.—Bluhme, Friedrich, Die Gens Langobardorum und ihre Herkunft, Bonn, 1868-1874, 2 vols.—Boissier, M. L. G., Cicéron et les amis, Paris, 1866; 1872; La religion romaine, d’Auguste aux Antonins, Paris, 1874, 2 vols.; 2nd edition, 1878; L’opposition sous les Césars, Paris, 1878; 2nd edition, 1885; La fin du paganisme, Paris, 1891, 2 vols.

Marie Louis Gaston Boissier, born at Nîmes, August 15th, 1825, became professor of rhetoric at Nîmes and Paris, and, in 1861, of Latin eloquence in the College of France. He is a member of the Academy, and Commander of the Legion of Honour since 1888. All of Boissier’s works are of interest, presenting often a wholly new point of view. The work on Roman religion deals with the religious revolution which took place between the time of Cicero and of Marcus Aurelius. The change was from a state of general scepticism to a period when even the philosophers were religious, and the author traces the causes of this change. The picture showing the condition of the inferior classes is particularly interesting. Also in his book on Cicero the author gives a delightful picture of the society in which the great orator moved.

Borsari, L., Topografia di Roma antica, Milan.—Botsford, George Willis, A History of Rome, London and New York, 1901; The Story of Rome as Greeks and Romans tell it, London and New York, 1903.—Bouche-Leclercq, A., Histoire de la divination dans l’antiquité, Paris, 1879-1882, 4 vols.; Manuel des institutions romaines, Paris, 1886.—Bradley, Henry, The Goths, London, 1888, Article in the Academy, London, May 15th, 1886.—Brandis, C. G., Studien zur römischen Verwaltungsgeschichte, in Hermes, vol. 31.—Breal, Michael, Les tables Eugubines, texte, traduction et commentaire, avec une grammaire et une introduction historique, Paris, 1875.—Breysig, K., Kulturgeschichte der Neuzeit, Berlin, 1901, 2 vols.—Breysig, Theodor, Die Zeit Karl Martels, in Jahrbücher der Deutschen Geschichte, Leipsic, 1869.—Brosien, Hermann, Karl der Grosse, Berlin, 1885.—Browne, R. W., History of Roman Classical Literature, London, 1884.—Brunengo, G., Il Patriziato romano di Carlomagno, Prabo, 1893.—Bryce, James, The Holy Roman Empire, London, 1862.

Bryce’s book shows the mutual relations of Rome and Germany during the Middle Ages, and is invaluable in throwing clear light on their intricacies. The author shows that the Roman Empire continued to exist throughout the Middle Ages, which is the key to an understanding of the whole period.

Budinger, Max, Untersuchungen zur römischen Kaisergeschichte, Leipsic, 1868-1871, 3 vols. (contains a good account of the Augustan history).—Bunbury, S. H., A History of Ancient Geography, 1879, 2 vols.—Burger, C. P., Neue Forschungen zur alten Geschichte Roms, Amsterdam, 1894.—Burn, R., Rome and the Campagna, London, 1870; 2nd edition, 1875; Old Rome: a handbook to the ruins of the City and the Campagna, London, 1880.—Bury, J. B., History of the Later Roman Empire, from Arcadius to Irene, London, 1889, 2 vols.; A History of the Roman Empire, London, 1893. (A biographical notice of this writer has been given in vol. I, page 295.)