The Historians' History of the World 04

. Alexander’s heirs,

431

. Arrhidæus, the imbecile,

431

. The Diadochi,

432

. The women claimants,

433

. Death of Perdiccas,

435

. The feats of Eumenes,

436

. The empire of Antigonus,

437

. Polysperchon

versus

Cassander,

438

. Lysimachus,

441

. Cassander in power,

442

. The name of “king” assumed,

446

. The siege of Rhodes,

447

. The fall of Antigonus,

449

. Demetrius at large,

450

. Death of Cassander; Demetrius wins and loses,

452

. Lysimachus, Arsinoe, and Agathocles,

454

. Seleucus; Antigonus; the Ptolemies,

455

. Ptolemy Ceraunus in Macedonia,

457

. Anarchy in Macedonia,

458

. Antigonus Gonatas,

459

. The Chremonidean War,

460

. Pyrrhus’ son takes Macedonia,

461

.

CHAPTER LX

Affairs in Greece Proper after Alexander’s Death

(323-318

B.C.

)

463

The Lamian War,

463

. Return of Demosthenes; death of Leosthenes,

466

. Leonnatus,

467

. Death of Leonnatus; naval war; war in Thessaly,

468

. Dissolution of the league,

469

. The capitulation,

470

. The end of Demosthenes,

470

. Grote’s estimate of Demosthenes,

472

. Antipater in Greece,

474

. The deaths of Antipater and of Demades,

476

. Polysperchon and Cassander,

477

. Olympias and Eumenes,

478

. Imperial edict recalling exiles,

479

. Contest at Athens,

480

. Intrigues of Phocion,

481

. Phocion’s disgrace,

482

.

CHAPTER LXI

The Failure of Grecian Freedom

(318-279

B.C.

)

486

Hellas at peace,

487

. Athens under Demetrius; Sparta behind walls,

488

. The last acts of Olympias’ power,

490

. Ptolemy in Greece,

493

. Athens passive and servile,

494

. Success of Demetrius in Greece,

497

. Battle of Ipsus,

498

.

CHAPTER LXII

The Exploits of Pyrrhus

(

ca.

360-272

B.C.

)

502

The antecedents of Pyrrhus,

503

. The last adventures of Demetrius,

504

. The end of Lysimachus, king of Macedon,

505

. Death of Seleucus,

506

. Invasion of the Gauls,

506

. Defence of the temple at Delphi,

507

. Pyrrhus and the Romans,

508

. Pyrrhus summoned by the Tarentines,

508

. Pyrrhus in Sicily; his return to Italy,

510

. Magna Græcia subdued by the Romans,

511

. Return of Pyrrhus to Macedonia,

512

. Expedition of Pyrrhus against Sparta,

512

. Death of Pyrrhus,

513

. Antigonus Gonatas,

514

.

CHAPTER LXIII

The Leagues and their Wars

(249-167

B.C.

)

516

The Ætolians,

516

. The Ætolian League,

517

. The Achæan League and Aratus of Sicyon,

518

. Aratus controls the league,

520

. Aratus takes Corinth,

521

. Sparta under Cleomenes,

523

. Antigonus called in,

524

. The Social War,

526

. Alliance with Rome,

528

. Greek freedom proclaimed,

531

. The Ætolians crushed,

531

. Greece at the mercy of “friendly” Rome,

533

. Rome against Philip,

535

. Perseus, king of Macedonia,

537

. The humiliation of Greece,

538

.

CHAPTER LXIV

The Final Disasters

(156

B.C.

-540

A.D.

)

540

The Macedonian insurrection,

542

. The Achæan War,

542

. The destruction of Corinth,

545

. Greece under the Romans,

546

.

CHAPTER LXV

The Kingdom of the Seleucidæ

(323-65

B.C.

)

552

Seleucus,

553

. Antiochus Soter,

555

. Seleucus Philopator,

559

.

CHAPTER LXVI

The Kingdom of the Ptolemies

(323-30

B.C.

)

562

Ptolemy Philadelphus,

568

. Ptolemy Euergetes,

570

. Ptolemy Philopator,

572

. Epiphanes,

573

. Philometor and Physcon,

573

. Roman Interference,

575

. Ptolemy Auletes; Cleopatra and the end,

576

.

CHAPTER LXVII

Sicilian Affairs

(317-216

B.C.

)

578

Agathocles,

578

. Pyrrhus and the Romans,

583

.

CONCLUDING SUMMARY

The Development of the Hellenic Spirit.

By Dr. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff

587

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

614

A General Bibliography of Grecian History

617

THE EVOLUTION OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY

Written Specially for the Present Work

By Dr. HERMANN DIELS

Professor in the University of Berlin.

It is a primary law of development that each generation should supplant and supersede that which preceded it. The parents bring forth the child, and when the child has advanced to full maturity they themselves lapse into oblivion; and the same fate overtakes their children and children’s children.

So it is with nations. One civilisation rises above the level of the rest, then sinks, yielding place to the fresh vigour of younger nations, to which it bequeaths its heritage of culture. For a while the elder mother-nation is held in remembrance as a teacher and model; but ultimately—when the new generation of nations has grown strong enough to maintain an independent existence—the elder vanishes to return no more.

Such a stage we ourselves seem to have reached. The peoples of the Classic Age have long passed away, but in the Renaissance the culture of their time rose again from the dead. A bevy of daughters entered upon the heritage of this mother—Italy, France, England, Germany, and many others—and added to it, each after her own fashion. Then they outgrew the imitation and mere echo of the antique, passing on to express in act an independent culture of their own; and now the time seems to have come when the modern spirit claims absolute liberty of action in every sphere, without the slightest reference to the traditions of antiquity. For the modern technician, the modern naturalist, the modern historian, the modern artist, the modern poet, the ancient world has no message. It is dead—dead past recovery, as we may say.