The Brothers Karamazov

^[76] Flagellants: see note 5 to page 88 in section 1.2.8.

^[77]state councillor: rank of the fifth grade in the civil service, corresponding to the military rank of colonel.

^[78]Smerdyashchaya: “Stinking [woman]” in Russian. Smerdyakov’s name thus means roughly “(son) of the stinking one.”

^[79] Glory ...: the verses are by Dmitri Fyodorovich himself.

^[80]Do not believe . . .: from “When from the Darkness of Error”(1865) by Nikolai Nekrasov (1821-78); one of Dostoevsky’s favorite poems, about a rescued prostitute.

^[81] the golden fish ...: allusion to the well-known folktale about the magic fish, of which Pushkin made a poetic version, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” (1833).

^[82]Oman . . .: the line is Goethe’s, from “The Divine” (1783).

^[83]An die Freude: Schiller’s famous ode “To Joy” (1785), from which Dmitri will quote a little further on.

^[84]And a ruddy-mugged Silenus: from “Bas-relief” (1842) by Apollon Maikov (1821-79), a friend of Dostoevsky’s.

^[85]Darkly hid in cave and cleft...: stanzas 2-4 from Schiller’s “Eleusinian Festival” (1798). The version here is adapted from an anonymous English translation of 1843, as is the version of the ode “To Joy” that follows.

^[86]That men to man . . .: from “Eleusinian Festival, ‘ stanza 7.

^[87] Joy is the mainspring . . .: Schiller’s “Tojoy,” stanzas 4 and 3.

^[88]Paul de Koch (1794-1871), French writer, author of innumerable novels depicting petit bourgeois life, some of which were considered risqué.

^[89] There was sweet confusion ...: verses of unknown origin, possibly by Dostoevsky himself (Terras, p. 176).

^[90]bringup my life from the Pit: Jonah 2:6 (Revised Standard Version).

^[91]Balaam’s ass: Numbers 22:30. The ass of the false prophet Balaam suddenly speaks to its master.

^[92]The Lord God created ... :see Genesis 1:3-5,14-17.

^[93]falling sickness: Dostoevsky prefers this old term for epilepsy.

^[94] Evenings on a Farm near Dikanha: the first book of tales by Nikolai Gogol (1809-52).

^[95]Smaragdov’s Universal History: a common Russian textbook of the earlier nineteenth century.

^[96]Kramskoy: I. N. Kramskoy (1837-87), well-known Russian painter. The Contem-plator was first exhibited in 1878.

^[97]a Russian soldier . . .: an actual event, which Dostoevsky wrote about in his Diaryof a Writer (1877).

^[98]Jesuits: popularly considered masters of casuistry.

^[99]my fine young Jesuit: in wording and rhythm, an ironic paraphrase of a line from Pushkin’s Tale of Tsar Saltan (1831): “Greetings, my fine young prince.”

^[100] in the Scriptures . . .: see Matthew 17:20,21:21; Mark 11:23; Luke 17:6.

^[101] For as you measure ...: see Matthew 7:2, Mark 4:24, Luke 6:38. Fyodor Pavlovich misquotes.

^[102] Tout cela c’est de la cochonnerie: “That’s all swinishness.”

^[103]Best of all . . .: after the emancipation of 1861, peasants had their own courts, along-side the official courts, and often used whipping as a punishment.

^[104]il ya du Piron là-dedans: “there’s a bit of the Piron in him’ Alexis Piron (1689-1773), French poet, the author of many songs, satires, and epigrams; witty, but often licentious.

^[105] Arbenin: protagonist of Mikhail Lermontov’s play Masquerade; the protagonist of A Hero of Our Time (1840) is Pechorin.

^[106]all five: Dmitri confuses the number of cardinal points with the number of continents, considered to be five in the nineteenth century.

^[107]the rite of holy unction, in the Orthodox Church, a sacrament of healing, consisting of anointing with oil and remission of sins, administered to the sick and the dying.

^[108] on behalf of all and for all: a liturgical formula often repeated or alluded to in B.K.

^[109]falling asleep: in Orthodox understanding, death is a “falling asleep in the Lord.”

^[110]prosphora: a small, round yeast bread specially prepared for the sacrament of the Eucharist; the Greek word means “offering.”

^[111] blessed: the Russian word blazhennyi can mean either “blessed” or “silly, odd,” as in the English phrase “blessed idiot.”

^[112] Holy Week: the last week of Lent, between Palm Sunday and Easter; each of the days is called “Great and Holy.”

^[113]Laodicea: a council of the Church held in Laodicea (modern Latakia, Syria) in the mid fourth century a.d.

^[114]Pentecost: the feast celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles (Acts 2:1-4), fifty days after Easter.