Stalin: A Biography

Lenin, Vladimir: founds USSR; Stalin’s early impressions, of; Stalin’s attitude to; agrarian policy; and founding of Iskra; Stalin meets in Finland; at 1905 Stockholm conference; at London conference (1907); offers deal to Georgian Mensheviks; accepts criminal funding; breaks with Mensheviks; forms new Central Committee; co-opts Stalin onto Central Committee; praises Stalin; Stalin meets in Kraków; convenes conference in Prague; as thinker; Stalin’s disagreements with; and national question; attacks Jews; opposes Russian participation in First World War; letter from Stalin in exile; demands overthrow of Provisional Government; returns to Russia; revolutionary policy; in hiding following arrest warrant; regard for Trotski; drafts decrees on land and peace; forms Sovnarkom; disfavours coalition of socialist parties; foreign policy; forms Cheka; and separate peace with Central Powers; and state terror; in Civil War; and Stalin’s authority in Volga region; and control of Cheka; Stalin defers to; prestige; and war with Poland (1920); attends Ninth Party Conference; and Trotski’s condemnation of trade unions; introduces New Economic Policy; seeks control of central party apparatus; approves appointment of Stalin as General Secretary of Party; health problems; administrative duties; assassination attempt on; view of and relations with Stalin; renewed alliance with Trotski; favours federal structure; Testament (‘Letter to the Congress’); and Stalin’s abuse of Krupskaya; death and funeral; posthumous cult; Stalin writes on; Nadya Allilueva works for; speaks at Tenth Party Congress; and Stalin’s personality; on capitalist competitiveness; and Mayakovski; belief in outside interference; and promotion of professionally competent; rebukes Stalin for violence; on decisive action; compared with Stalin; cult; in Stalinist Short Course; and world revolution; proposed evacuation of corpse in war; view of foreign hostility; on end of capitalism; ideological influence on Stalin; Stalin invokes in Nineteenth Party Congress speech; communist state policy; April Theses; ‘Better Fewer But Better’; ‘Marxism and Insurrection’; Materialism and Empiriocriticism; The State and Revolution; What Is To Be Done?

Leningrad see St Petersburg

Leningrad Affair (1948),

Leningrad Opposition,

Levitan, Isaak,

Libya: as Soviet protectorate

Lie, Trygve

linguistics: Stalin’s interest in

literacy and numeracy: increased,

Lithuania: resists Soviet expansionism; regains Vilnius; established as Soviet republic; reclaims independence; and German expansionism; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states

Litvinov, Maxim,

Livanova, V.

Lominadze, Vissarion,

London: Stalin attends 1907 Party conference in

Longjumeau, near Paris

Low, (Sir) David

Lozgachëv, Pavel

Ludwig, Emile

Lunacharski, Anatoli,

Luxemburg, Rosa

Lvov, Prince Georgi,

Lysenko, Timofei,

MacArthur, General Douglas,

Machavariani, David

Machiavelli, Niccolò , The Prince,

Maclean, Donald

McNeal, Robert

Mach, Ernst

Magnitogorsk,

Maiski, Ivan,

Makharadze, Pilipe,

Malenkov, Georgi: opposes Great Terror,; class background, ref3; association with Stalin, ref4; and Nazi-Soviet pact (1939), ref5; and conduct of war, ref6; wartime responsibilities, ref7; on counter-productive effect of repression, ref8; encourages light industry, ref9, ref10; at Cominform Conference, ref11; visits Stalin, ref12; and administrative reforms, ref13, ref14; status and appointments, ref15; regains favour, ref16; in Leningrad Affair, ref17; and Stalin’s 70th birthday celebrations, ref18; studies political economy, ref19; Stalin teases for corpulence, ref20; delivers Central Committee political report at Nineteenth Party Congress, ref21; Stalin suspects of conspiracy, ref22; heads permanent commission on foreign affairs, ref23; fears Stalin’s disfavour, ref24; Stalin entertains, ref25; and Stalin’s stroke, ref26; and succession to Stalin, ref27; at Stalin’s funeral, ref28; reforms after Stalin’s death, ref29, ref30; rivalry with Khrushchëv, ref31

Malinovski, Roman,

Malkina, Yekaterina

Manchuria (Manchukuo): Japan occupies,; Stalin orders invasion of, ref3; Soviet dominance of, ref4

Mandelshtam, Osip

Manstein, General Erich von,

Manuilski, Dmitri

Mao Tse-tung,

Marchlewski, Julian

Markizova, Gelya

Marr, Nikolai

Marshall, General George: European recovery plan,

Martov, Yuli: in Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party split, ref1; at 1905 Stockholm conference, ref2; at 1907 London conference, ref3; exiled to Turukhansk, ref4; Stalin charges with slander, ref5

Marx, Karl: Bogdanov on, ref1; on capitalist competitiveness, ref2; on global revolution, ref3; on end of capitalism, ref4; influence on Stalin, ref5