Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors

Smithsonian Institution Press: Excerpts from “Deceit and Self-Deception: The Relationship Between Communications and Consciousness” by Robert Trivers in Man and Beast Revisited, edited by Michael H. Robinson and Lionel Tiger. Copyright © 1991 by Smithsonian Institution. Reprinted by permission of Smithsonian Institution Press.

University of Chicago Press: Excerpt from Williams and Nesse, Quarterly Review of Biology 66:1 (March 1991); excerpts from Primate Societies, edited by Smuts et. al.; excerpts from “Hippolytus” translated by Grene from Complete Greek Tragedies; excerpts from Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog by Scott and Fuller. All excerpts reprinted by permission of University of Chicago Press.

Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA Inc. Excerpts from The Biology of Peace and War by Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, translated by Eric Mosbacher. Translation copyright © 1966 by R. Piper & Co., Verlag, Munchen. English translation copyright © 1979 by Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Books USA, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

THE AUTHORS

CARL SAGAN served as the David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director of the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University. He played a leading role in the Mariner, Viking, Voyager, and Galileo spacecraft expeditions to the planets for which he received the NASA Medals for Exceptional Scientific Achievement and (twice) for Distinguished Public Service.

His Emmy and Peabody Award-winning television series, Cosmos, became the most widely watched series in the history of American public television The accompanying book, also called Cosmos, is one of the best-selling science books ever published in the English language. Dr. Sagan received the Pulitzer Prize, the Oersted Medal, and many other awards—including twenty honorary degrees from American colleges and universities—for his contributions to science, literature, education, and the preservation of the environment.

Dr. Sagan died on December 20, 1996.

ANN DRUYAN is the Secretary of the Washington-based Federation of American Scientists, founded in 1945 to oppose the misuse of science and high technology. As Creative Director of NASA’s Voyager Intersteller Record Project, she was responsible for sending rock-and-roll (and much else) on two spacecraft to the stars. She has served as writer-producer of PBS’s Nova and of several network television specials. She was co-writer of the Cosmos television series and executive producer of its recent updating and reversioning. Ms. Druyan is the author of the novel A Famous Broken Heart, and, with Sagan, of the best-seller Comet, other books, speeches, and numerous articles. She is also a Director of the New York Children’s Health Project.

The authors are married and together have two children. Dr. Sagan has three grown sons. In the 1980s he and Ms. Druyan organized three of the largest demonstrations of non-violent civil disobedience at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site in protest against continued U.S. nuclear weapons testing. Recently, they have been working to bring scientists and religious leaders together to help protect the global environment.

Table of Contents

Cover

Other Books by This Author

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Epigraph

Introduction

Prologue: The Orphan’s File

1 On Earth as It Is in Heaven

2 Snowflakes Fallen on the Hearth

3 “What Makest Thou?”

4 A Gospel of Dirt

5 Life Is Just a Three-Letter Word

6 Us and Them

7 When Fire Was New

8 Sex and Death

9 What Thin Partitions …

10 The Next-to-Last Remedy

11 Dominance and Submission

12 The Rape of Caenis

13 The Ocean of Becoming

14 Gangland

15 Mortifying Reflections

16 Lives of the Apes

17 Admonishing the Conqueror

18 The Archimedes of the Macaques

19 What Is Human?

20 The Animal Within

21 Shadows of Forgotten AncestorsEpilogueNotesPermissions AcknowledgmentsThe Authors