Rust by Example

More str/String methods can be found under the std::str and std::string modules

Literals and escapes

There are multiple ways to write string literals with special characters in them. All result in a similar &str so it's best to use the form that is the most convenient to write. Similarly there are multiple ways to write byte string literals, which all result in &[u8; N].

Generally special characters are escaped with a backslash character: \. This way you can add any character to your string, even unprintable ones and ones that you don't know how to type. If you want a literal backslash, escape it with another one: \\

String or character literal delimiters occuring within a literal must be escaped: "\"", '\''.

fn main() {

// You can use escapes to write bytes by their hexadecimal values...

let byte_escape = "I'm writing \x52\x75\x73\x74!";

println!("What are you doing\x3F (\\x3F means ?) {}", byte_escape);

// ...or Unicode code points.

let unicode_codepoint = "\u{211D}";

let character_name = "\"DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R\"";

println!("Unicode character {} (U+211D) is called {}",

unicode_codepoint, character_name );

let long_string = "String literals

can span multiple lines.

The linebreak and indentation here ->\

<- can be escaped too!";

println!("{}", long_string);

}

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Sometimes there are just too many characters that need to be escaped or it's just much more convenient to write a string out as-is. This is where raw string literals come into play.

fn main() {

let raw_str = r"Escapes don't work here: \x3F \u{211D}";

println!("{}", raw_str);

// If you need quotes in a raw string, add a pair of #s

let quotes = r#"And then I said: "There is no escape!""#;

println!("{}", quotes);

// If you need "# in your string, just use more #s in the delimiter.

// There is no limit for the number of #s you can use.

let longer_delimiter = r###"A string with "# in it. And even "##!"###;

println!("{}", longer_delimiter);

}

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